Classification Help For Mental Disorders Essay - 498 Words

There are many different things that are the cause of mental disorders. Alcoholism, brain tumors, strokes, and damage to the brain are a few causes of mental disorders. Mental disorders can also result from birth. There are many health care services for mental disorders. Three occupations that help the symptoms of mental health are psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist. Each of these occupations, psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist, treat mental health symptoms differently, have different requirements of education, and are authorized to different rights concerning the patient. A psychiatrist is one occupation that helps deal with mental health problems. A psychiatrist deals with mental,†¦show more content†¦A neurologist also has the duty of performing surgery that deals with the brain. There is a real need for research in the field of neurology. However, despite the lack of studying, there is much success in this field. A neurologist has a larger area that they are required to study other than just mental disorders. Clinical psychology is an occupation that deals with mental health problems, too. The clinical psychologist is a psychologist who analyzes and treats emotional and behavioral disorders. This person may have any one of several degrees: Master of Arts, Master of Science, doctor of philosophy in psychology, or doctor of education. A clinical psychologist can practice psychotherapy, group therapy, and individual counseling. The field of clinical psychology is a field that specializes in treating emotional and behavioral disorders. This is the type of psychologist that most people think of when they hear of one going to the â€Å"shrink†. There are many different occupations that help deal with mental health disorders. A psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist all help people with mental disorders differently, require different levels of education, and are authorized to do different practices. Each of these careers are helpful and needed to many individuals with ment al disorders that have to live lifeShow MoreRelatedControversies Surrounding Classification of Disorders Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesControversies Surrounding Classification Theories of Psychopathology HS513-T302 March 25, 2012 Abstract The DSM is used as a standard of reference for psychological diagnosis. The DSM was originally published in 1952 containing only 106 diagnoses; today the revised DSM-IV-TR contains 365 diagnoses. 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Define and discuss both reliability and validity and why they are important criteria for DSM-5. (312) When answering the question we first need to understand what reliability and validity means and why it is important to include them in the criteria to judge DSM-5. Reliability is the consistency of the assessment measurements throughout the test. Whereas validity is when the test actually measures what it isRead MoreBiography Of Emil Kraepelin s Theory Of Psychiatric Psychology1708 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology. This paper will discuss some of his greatest discoveries such as his establishment in clinical observation. As well as the importance that Emil Kraepelin had on the taxonomy of psychiatric disorders and how his idea for this came about. It will also review his findings on bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Kraepelin also founded some ideas on what later on came to be known as Alzheimer’s disease. Introduction Emil Kraepelin was a student under Wundt. Under Wundt KraepelinRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Iv Classification System872 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Abnormal Psychology BEH-440-3281Your Course Number Mollie Surgine December 18, 2017 DSM-IV Model In regarding the mental and physical aspects of classification systems, the DSM is the classification system designed by the American Psychiatric Association to diagnose patients through a number of criteria’s, reviews, and research in order to treat mental and physical illness. To diagnose and produce treatment for both clients and patients, this model is focused on current and widely

Biography of Egon Schiele, Expressionist Artist

Austrian artist Egon Schiele (June 12, 1890—October 31, 1918) is best known for his expressionistic—and often sexually explicit—depictions of the human body. He was a successful artist in his time, but his career was cut short by the Spanish flu pandemic. He died at age 28. Fast Facts: Egon Schiele Occupation: ArtistKnown For: Sexually explicit paintings that shocked audiences and pushed the boundaries of the art world.Born: June 12, 1890 in Tulln, Austria-HungaryDied: October 31, 1918 in Vienna, Austria-HungaryEducation: Academy of Fine Arts ViennaSelected Works: Kneeling Nude with Raised Hands (1910), Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant (1912), Death and the Maiden (1915)Notable Quote: Art cannot be modern. Art is primordially eternal. Early Life Born in Tulln, Austria, on the banks of the Danube River, Egon Schiele was the son of Adolf Schiele, a station master for the Austrian State Railways. Trains were the subject of many of Egons early drawings as a child. He was known to spend many hours drawing and avoiding other topics in school. Egon Schiele had three sisters: Melanie, Elvira, and Gerti. Elvira often modeled for her brothers paintings. She married Schieles friend, the artist Anton Peschka. Schiele was close to his sister Gerti, the youngest child of the family; some biographical accounts suggest that the relationship was incestuous. Schieles father died from syphilis when the artist was 15. Schiele became a ward of his maternal uncle, Leopold Czihaczek. With the change of households, Schiele experienced support for his interest in art. In 1906, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. Career Beginnings In 1907, a teenage Egon Schiele sought out the famed artist Gustav Klimt, the founder of the Vienna Secession. Klimt took a keen interest in Schiele and bought his drawings while also introducing him to other patrons. Schieles early works show a strong influence of art nouveau and the style of the Vienna Secession. Klimt invited Schiele to exhibit his work at the 1909 Vienna Kuntschau. Schiele encountered the work of many other artists at the event, including Edvard Munch and Vincent van Gogh. Shortly after, Schieles work began to explore the human form in a sometimes sexually explicit manner. His 1910 painting Kneeling Nude with Raised Hands is seen as one of the most important nude pieces of the early 20th century. However, many observers at the time considered Schieles frank sexual content disturbing. In later years, Schiele distanced himself from Klimts ornate art nouveau-inspired aesthetic. Instead, his works began to take on a dark, emotional feel, emphasizing the intensity of human psychology. Arrest and Controversy From 1910 to 1912, Schiele participated in a wide range of group shows in Prague, Budapest, Cologne, and Munich. He founded the Neukunstgrupped (New Art Group) as a rebellion against the conservative nature of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. The group included other young artists such as Austrian expressionist Oskar Kokoschka. In 1911, Schiele met 17-year-old Walburga Neuzil. Neuzil lived with Schiele and served as a model for many of his paintings. Together, they left Vienna for Krumau, a small town that is now part of the Czech Republic. It was the birthplace of Egons mother. The couple was driven out of the town by local residents who disapproved of their way of life, including the fact that Schiele hired local teenage girls as nude models. Schiele and Neuzel moved to the small Austrian town of Neulengbach, about 35 kilometers west of Vienna. Egons art studio became a gathering place for local teenagers, and in 1912, he was arrested for seducing a young underaged girl. Police searching the studio seized more than one hundred drawings considered pornographic. A judge later dropped charges of seduction and abduction but convicted the artist of exhibiting erotic works in places accessible to children. He spent 24 days in jail. Schiele painted Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant in 1912. Historians consider it one of his most significant self-portraits. He depicted himself staring at viewers in a confident fashion. It avoids an idealized view of the artist by showing lines and scars on his face and neck. It was exhibited in Munich in 1912 and now resides in Viennas Leopold Museum. In 1913, the Galerie Hans Goltz produced Egon Schieles first solo show. He had another solo exhibition in Paris in 1914. In 1915, Schiele decided to marry Edith Harms, a daughter of middle-class parents in Vienna. He reportedly expected to also keep his relationship with Walburga Neuzil, but when she found out about the intent to marry Edith, she left, and Schiele never saw her again. He painted Death and the Maiden in response to the split with Neuzil, and he married Edith on June 17, 1915. Military Service Schiele avoided signing up to fight in World War I for nearly a year, but three days after his wedding, authorities called him to active duty in the army. Edith followed him to Prague, the city where he was stationed, and they were allowed to occasionally see each other. Despite his military service guarding and escorting Russian prisoners, Schiele continued to paint and exhibit his work. He had shows in Zurich, Prague, and Dresden. Due to a heart condition, Schiele received a desk job assignment as a clerk at a prisoner of war camp. There, he drew and painted imprisoned Russian officers. Final Years and Death In 1917, Schiele returned to Vienna and co-founded the Vienna Kunsthalle (Art Hall) with his mentor, Gustav Klimt. Schiele painted prolifically and participated in the Vienna Secessions 49th exhibit in 1918. Fifty of his works were displayed in the main hall of the event. The exhibition was a rousing success. In 1918, the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic struck Vienna. Six months pregnant, Edith Schiele died of the flu on October 28, 1918. Egon Schiele died three days later. He was 28 years old. Legacy Egon Schiele was a crucial figure in the development of Expressionism in painting. Schiele painted a phenomenal number of self-portraits and executed more than 3,000 drawings. His works often have stark emotional content in addition to the frank study of the human body. He worked alongside both Gustav Klimt and Oskar Kokoschka, other key Austrian artists of the era. Schieles short yet prolific art career, the sexually explicit content of his work, and the allegations of sexual misconduct against the artist himself have made him the subject of multiple films, essays, and dance productions. The Leopold Museum in Vienna has the most extensive collection of Schieles work: over 200 pieces. Schieles work draws some of the highest contemporary prices at auction. In 2011, Houses With Colorful Laundry (Suburb II) sold for $40.1 million. In 2018, the 100th anniversary of Egon Schieles death inspired significant exhibitions of his work in London, Paris, and New York. Source Natter, Tobias G. Egon Schiele: The Complete Paintings, 1909-1918. Taschen, 2017.

Brand Management Article Review Free Essays

Introduction: Review: Teresa da Silva Lopes Mark Casson (Winter, 2007). Entrepreneurship and the Development of Global Brands: Business History Review 81 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College (Extract from page 651-680) World’s economy in early 1980s leaded to the merger wave in business industries. Only few independent brands have survived during that period. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Management Article Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the article, the authors addressed the question of why so few independent brands survived and they also aim to address about the contribution of entrepreneurs to the successful and growth of the companies. The authors also of demonstrated some well-known brands and their related case of how did the change in ownership affect the brand name. Summary: Entrepreneurship and innovation is a competitive asset for each organization. In the past time, entrepreneur refers to the founder of the business, but the definition was expanded overtime. In the article, authors define entrepreneur as â€Å"someone who specializes in taking judgmental decisions about the coordination of scarce resources with an economic aim and under conditions of uncertainty. This means that the entrepreneur is not necessarily a capitalist or the founder of a business, but is someone who is not afraid of risk and who â€Å"gets things done† and has an economic aim. Because of the changing in business environment, today entrepreneur has more skills, business related knowledge and capabilities in expanding their brand into different geography or internationally or rejuvenate it in order to keep the popularity and s till make a profit. Brand is a powerful strategic tool to distinguish company from its competitors, communicate to customer and attract customer loyalty. A brand can have a rise, and then fall out of favor, to be out of date by the arrival of new brand. Trajectory of brands or the life of each brand is surely depends on the company’s performance and strategies they decide to take in action so as to create brand personalities for their products or services. Without careful management, brands can follow the general pattern of a product lifecycle: moving through introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages in a relatively rapid fashion. Authors indicate that the change in brand ownership or management team may take into account when discussing about trajectory of brands. Thus to keep the brand forever young is necessary mission that each company need to achieve. Some brands become successful immediately after introduced into the market and it remains successful until now under the single ownership and management team but some become successful after their previous ownership or management team was changed. Various strategies are suggested by the author as they are implemented by several successful brands such as the extension of an existing brand (Asahi Super Dry), or by the creation of a new brand, or by forging a compromise between the two (Nescafe). The firm may also hire new managers and consultants in order to boost temporarily the creative resources at the firm’s disposal (as happened in the case of KitKat). Another strategy suggested is to change the firm’s recruitment policies and hiring new managers with stronger entrepreneurial capabilities to obtain a permanent solution. Furthermore, using merger and acquisition strategy to change the brand ownership enable some multi-firm brands especially the companies in food, drink, and cosmetics industries become successful and stay young. Brand rejuvenation in the article refers to â€Å"tweaking the brand image to appeal to a new generation of consumers†. Rejuvenation of the brand should be take into action when customer in the market lose their concentration on the existing one or the traditional market for a brand may stagnate, unacceptable to an emerging market for the brand or there is an increase in demand for products or services, because in order to be well suited to the culture, demand, preference of different group of customer and to create availability of the products they want wherever they are. Based on the study, the authors conclude that successful global brand usually originate in developed countries. It takes very long time to build their brand personalities and recognition. Strategies of brand extensions that we often see are merger and acquisition, franchising, licensing and some brands are trades as pieces of intellectual property. Critic Negative: Brand rejuvenation is a strategic tool for the company to recapture market share and to keep the brands up to date for consumers, but not all brand should be rejuvenated since due to two main reasons. Firstly, some brand is very harmful to people health and society. For example, tobacco and alcohol products have many harmful effects are not limited to only health-related issues but as well as a whole society will suffer from its effects. Smoking cigarettes opens the possibility to the people that are around you to breathe second-hand smoke. This increases the risk of cancer in others around you. Also, smoke is bad for the environment and the ozone layer whereby people who drink and drive may cause many road accident and they tend to commit violence in the family more that people who do not. Secondly, the negative point of brand rejuvenation is the decrease in physical communication due to the growth in technology related branding. In the past, people spend more time to talk to their friends, colleges and family but presently, digital form of communication decrease social interaction. Because the development of technology, many company try to rejuvenate their brand by introducing high- tech product to the market. Most people believe that technology such as cell phones and e-mail has made their lives easier. From e-mails, to Facebook, to television, people are becoming dependent on technology; we cannot live without our iPhones. As a real example that happen to myself, sometimes I spend a whole day in bedroom just to tweet, facebook and surfing internet; I do not interact with people around at all within whole day. People are distancing themselves from life off- line. This create distant of people interaction from day to day. Positive: We totally agree with the authors who state that entrepreneurs contribute to the growth of a firm and brand succeeds and innovation, intelligence and skills are the required factors to build a successful brand. Brand building is an important issue in strategic marketing and driving force for shareholder’s value. Good brand image and brand recognition in the market is what all entrepreneurs and managements intend to get. The growth and development of a firm mostly depends on the motivation and ambition of the owner itself. Among the important features of an entrepreneur that effects the firm growth involves general background of the owner involving age and education of the owner along with his growth motivation and management know how organizational practices on the behalf of entrepreneurs. Innovative idea and technological capabilities of entrepreneur also the contribution factors that each entrepreneur should care about. We also agree with the authors that brand rejuvenation is a great tool to make more money. Brand rejuvenation is the effort to bring a brand which could not make money into the one that can generate money for company by using new positioning or communication strategy. Normally, companies decide to rejuvenate their brand in order to respond to internal and external changes. For example when new competitors come into the market, they may have taken over the category and the company is struggling to generate revenues from the current product, thus company need to rejuvenate their brand or new option has to be launched. Another reason is when the existing product or service is in declining stage of product life cycle, it is an appropriate time to rejuvenate the brand in order to recapture the market share. Some other reason why company should rejuvenate their brand is to shed the negative image of the existing brand, to incorporate in new mission or develop a new brand when repositioning. Moreover, the target market for the brand has aged so the brand has to renew its positioning in the minds of the next generation of consumers. Because brand may no longer meet the consumers’ needs or desires, where in the consumer has shifted to a different platform. Conclusion After reading and reviewing this article, we got more ideas on how branding is very important for each company in generate the profit in long term, how entrepreneur contribute to the firm growth and success. The authors provide enough reasons to support their article by indicated real example of some major brand how they are developed to become the global one. The authors indicate two main strategies for brand development which are entrepreneurship and brand rejuvenation. Brand rejuvenation can lead the company to capture market share as well as to compete in the market effectively in the long run. How to cite Brand Management Article Review, Essay examples

Paraphrasing Epidemiology Questions Answers

Question: Explainthe paraphrasing epidemiology questions answers. Answer: Answer 1. Randomized trial in a controlled environment recommended. The acute myocardial blockage will be intervened with a cold therapy which will be followed by standard therapies as recommended for patients with acute cases. Only those patients receiving the standard therapy will be consist the group chosen for comparison. Here, the end result will be brain damage. Answer 2. On the basis of a retrospective group analysis, the exposure is to asbestos. It can be presumed as per the study of exposure conducted on a certain populace, the exposure is determined to be a result of occupation related exposure. This exposure leads to diseases like asbestosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma and other heart related diseases, which could have been enlisted in the records as well. The best way to perform the analysis would be doing it from the database of a hospital. Answer 3.The conclusion mentioned in the question cannot be agreed upon as; the case is not providing sufficient evidence which is convincing enough to support the case. In comparison to the period from 1950 to 1980, the present days diagnostic procedures have improved which might increase the number of reports on congenital malformations. Thus, this gives rise to the necessity for further information regarding this particular condition. No further information on other factors like the rate among the rural and urban populace, probable confounding aspects like the socioeconomic status have been taken into consideration or not, healthcare and proper diagnosis availability and accessibility, attitude towards seeking out healthcare, presence of other comorbidity and so on. All of the above stated particulars are required prior to arriving at any sort of conclusion. Answer 4. A positive and linear connection exists between consuming chocolate and attaining the status of a Nobel Laureate. Ethnographic analysis was implemented. Determining the precise associations is not possible from this analysis as the data has not been collected from individuals, which brings out the fundamental disadvantage. Furthermore, the design of the analysis is far weaker than other designs comparatively. Refuse to justify as, the cause cannot be determined from the analyses at all, only the association is possible to determine. However, to determine such sort of association an ethnographic analysis design proves to be a weak design. The cause cannot even be associated with the Hills criteria thus, the conclusion cannot be agreed upon. Information on factors influencing or determining cognitive functions and additional social contexts are required for the purpose. Answer 5. Surveillances are of three types and are as follows: Passive Surveillance: the local providers of healthcare services collect data relating to the concerned disease on a routine basis and then the data is forwarded to the authority in the form of a report. As the departments of health do not encourage collection of these sorts of data, this sort of data collection is of a passive nature; rather the reporting procedure is more of a regular procedure. Active Surveillance: this kind of surveillance is encouraged by the authorities of the health department towards the proper collection and reporting of data by the health workers. Here, the health workers are further monitored to ascertain the acquisition of accurate reports based on the data. Furthermore, there is possibility to gain incentive for data collection completion. However, this process involves more resources and additional time. Sentinel Surveillance: this kind of surveillance method is implemented in exclusive cases where there is less possible chance of acquiring the information on the disease through active or passive surveillance. The authorities of the health department engage greater attention upon the collection of data by the health workers and also provide extra incentives upon successful data acquisition. This procedure too requires additional time and resources. For instance, for an infectious disease like flu it would be the responsibility of the health workers to carry on a passive surveillance and prepare reports on the acquired data on a regular basis. In case of a particular season when flu is common or as a result of an outbreak of flu active surveillance can be initiated in order to obtain comprehensive data. In cases where the authorities at the health department require to identify flu types from a particular region they can consider to initiate Sentinel Surveillance. Answer 6. a) A study on case control. In this study, children with asthma will be the cases and the children not having asthma will be the controls. History based on the data of exposure (whooping cough and measles) had been collected based on both the controls and cases respectively. b) Sources considered to be potent for bias are as follows: Selection bias: the controls were chosen from the south island and the cases were chosen from the north island. Misclassification bias: diagnostic criteria were not specified for classifying non asthma and asthma controls and cases. Furthermore, it was not certain whether the same kind of diagnostic tools were used for the process or not, which could misclassify the controls and cases potentially. Recall bias: the record of whooping cough and measles were asked from the mothers, which could have been a potent factor for bringing in the recall bias criterion on the provided information. Response bias: As there was hardly anything mentioned about the rate of response, there could be a potential for response bias. Based on the significant differences from the non-respondents and respondents in matters to exposure and end results, it might initiate biasness. c) In the process of determining probable confounders associated between infection and asthma the question regarding the parents addiction towards smoking and the country or city where the affected dwelt arose. Having this data would be a great help to the researchers for they would be able to regulate those as probable confounders at the time of the analysis of the study. Answer 7. The two primary potential bias are as under: Recall bias: interview was conducted on mothers regarding their hobbies, the set time period was 3months after and before the time of conception, and last 5months after the birth of the baby. Therefore, it was likely that the mothers having developmental anomalies will have the memory of it and others will not be able to recall it precisely. Selection bias: mothers speaking only Spanish or English were chosen and mothers speaking other languages were left out. However, the infants from the same region chosen for the purpose. As a result of recall bias, there will be a difference in the reports by the controls and cases regarding the exposure. The report on the odds ratio is going to be overestimated. As a consequence of the selection bias already mentioned, a group of mothers will be left out as based on their linguistic backgrounds. If the intensity of developmental anomalies is found to be greater among them, then the bias will be null as based on the odds ratio of the report. These kinds of biases can be avoided by two methods: in order to avoid selection bias linguistic restrictions should be lifted at the stage when the design is made. In order to avoid recall bias, the preset period of time should be reduced so that precise information can be obtained or mothers having other sort of disease can be selected from that very healthcare concern. Answer 8. Scenario two has been selected for the answer: Cross selection of study shall be used to analyze the relationship between trace metal and Perthes disease and analyze the relation between toxic metal and perthes disease. In this particular study design, the exposure is the toxic metal and trace metal and the end result is perthes disease. The end result is pre-determined or implementation of a standard diagnostic analysis will be incorporated to confirm. In order to identify the exposure the levels of toxic metals and trace metals will be required to detect by means of doing a blood test. This is a cross-sectional study as; both the data on end results and the exposure can be collected at the same time. The data will be further analyzed to identify the associations. Key limitations for this study design are as under: Making casual inference might be difficult as, it is impossible to validate whether the exposure of toxic metals and trace metals led the end results of Perthes disease. As a consequence of the nature of this particular study design it is quite the task to generalize the analysis results.