The Stranger free essay sample

The tale quickly begins with Meursault accepting word that his mom passed on. He appears to be truly unconcerned as he experiences asking off work and going to the burial service. At the point when he gets back from the memorial service, he practically goes straight go into ordinary life as though nothing was extraordinary. He enters a relationship with Marie and gets to know his local pimp, Raymond. All through, he stays isolates from reality around him, being not interested in the way that his sweetheart is enamored with him. His detachment (by one way or another) brings about his commitment to Marie and they (alongside Raymond) travel to the sea shore. While at the sea shore, Meursault shoots and slaughtered an Arab man who was the sibling of Raymonds courtesan. After his capture, Meursaults lawyer appears to be appalled at his separation and lack of interest to the homicide notwithstanding his moms demise. When Meursault meets with the officer, the judge asserts that Meursault is the antichrist. It is sufficiently significant to him and his story that he even studys the manner in which it caused him to feel, and reflective quality not displayed concerning numerous different subjects throughout his life. Researcher William Conroy says, Since this is for all intents and purposes the main occurrence of his previous existence that he reviews, it is most likely of urgent criticalness for him. 2 It is this vitally ignificant occasion of his youth that makes him lose confidence in the request for society and makes him imagine that he can't rely on anything, particularly individuals. Without his instructive vocation as evidence that difficult work and contemplative commitment can bring about progress and bliss, Meursault settle that life by and large is futile, and that with or without aspiration, the two ways lead to the equivalent disillusioning goal. To attempt to shield himself from the certainty of disillusionment, Meursault overcompensates by managing his every day schedule. At Mamans memorial service, the orderly ays, If you go gradually, you chance getting sunstroke. Yet, in the event that you go excessively quick, you burn some calories and afterward get a chill inside the congregation. She was correct. There was no chance to get out. (p 27) In this occasion, Meursault is endeavoring to represent the inescapable, to actually and allegorically attempt to keep himself in a fair compromise temperature savvy and inwardly. To manage the conceivable enthusiastic hardship of losing the last relative that the peruser knows about, Meursault decides to focus on his typical controlled way of life, concentrating on the times of the week as opposed to the occasions ranspiring. He is absolutely inactive, apparently unaware of the memorial service as he finishes up, It happened to me that by one way or another Id got past another Sunday, that Mother presently was covered, and tomorrow Id be returning to function obviously. Truly, nothing in my light nad changed (p 30) As William Conroy puts Meursaults misinformed needs, Sundays trouble Meursault, not his moms demise. 3 By concentrating on the parts of life he can control, similar to his Sunday plan, Meursault can concentrate on the things that do make a difference in his circle, for this situation the insignificant social necessities, for example, eing on schedule, going to work, eating, and resting. In opposition to what may be obvious lack of interest on a superficial level, Meursault subliminally attempts to abstain from disillusioning society Although he doesn't really wish to wed Marie, he assumes the job of beau and even considers marriage since it is the thing that she, and society expect of him saying, I disclosed to her that it didnt truly matter and that in the event that she needed to, we could get hitched. (p 41) Similarly, Meursaults associations with the cleric and legal advisor essentially come down to what Meursault needs to do or say to satisfy them so they will disregard him. While recounting to his story to the legal counselor, Meursault says, l wanted to promise him that I resembled every other person, Just like every other person. (p 66) He wouldn't like to be an alien to society, yet rather to mollify everybody so they won't address or assess his activities, which he fears may baffle. Maybe the best case of Meursault attempting to please individuals, for practically zero individual increase is his collaborations with Raymond. Upon Raymonds obscure solicitation to compose a disputable letter to a lady who had been beaten, and now blamed for cheating by Raymond, Meursault basically takes the ask at face esteem saying, l composed the letter. I did it Just in light of the fact that it came to me, yet I attempted my best to please Raymond on the grounds that I didnt have any explanation not to satisfy him. (p 32) Meursaults first thought isn't about the profound quality of the letter, however rather on the off chance that it will fulfill Raymond. This repugnance for frustrating individuals is a contributing component in his end bind, since it is his affiliations and maybe devotion to Raymond that places him in the circumstance on the sea shore with the Arab. The defining moment in the novel is when Meursault shoots the Arab since that is first genuine contact with death, and a definitive disillusionment to society as he breaks the most necessary part of human instinct. It could be contended that Meursault doesn't intend to murder the Arab, that the primary shot is discharged simply by some coincidence. He goes to the spot coincidentally, meets the Arab by some coincidence, the sun happens to be obnoxiously blistering, making Meursault awkward. At the point when the sharp edge gets the sun and the reflection flashes into Meursaults eyes, he essentially reacts precisely like a looped spring-and the weapon goes off. 4 For a man who stays away from death in his life, it appears to be ounterintuitive that he would dispense such harm upon another human. However it isn't his hunger for death or retaliation that drives this demonstration, yet a ulterior power showed in the sun and warmth that rouses this last activity. By evacuating the fault, rather setting it on lifeless things like the weapon trigger, he disposes of himself from the haunting perspective, not thinking about the implications in his own life, or the existence he Just took. It is this absence of an understanding and self reflection about the conclusiveness of death, conceived of his protection from considering his own sentiments from his absence of individual xperiences with death, that keep him from getting a handle on the gravity of his activities. The likenesses between Meursaults involvement with his moms burial service and the Arabs shooting are frightfully comparable in their treatment of death. Indeed, even Meursault watches the likenesses saying, It was a similar sun as the day I had covered Mother and, similar to at that point, I nad an incredible torment in the torenead where all the veins were beating together under the skin. (p 79) Conroy states the similitudes saying, The sun, the perspiration, the throb, the weariness, the shading, the tears, and passing are dela vu; they esuscitate for Meursault the experience of his moms memorial service and the feelings he was then inclination. 5 The occasions being so comparable from a physical perspective permits them to reflect the other genuinely too. The last connection between the two occasions is the nearness of death. These likenesses power Meursault to again recall his other involvement in death, that he has so firmly quelled, and for those repressed feelings to reemerge. As he warms up on the sea shore, those equivalent feelings reemerge and carry passing to the front line of his psyche causing a response, or the principal shot of The following four shots are of an alternate sort, apparently opposing to the hypothesis of evading demise. This cognizant choice to fire four additional occasions at the unmoving body (p 59) shows that the activity is not, at this point spurred by sheer possibility and response. As researcher Christopher Robinson watches, it is clear that Meursault feels no feeling, considering little the demonstration he has Just dedicated, and rather proceeding to portray the arrangement of occasions following as opposed to his own emotions about what happened. 6 The main regret seen promptly following the shooting s Meursaults remark, And it resembled thumping four speedy occasions on the entryway of despondency. (p 59) This, while demonstrating he isn't content with what Just happened goes further as this entryway of misery, he is currently ready to open is the entryway to his own curbed considerations about death, particularly his moms passing. Regardless of whether he knows it intentionally or not, those thumps, will achieve despondency since they are his very own token mortality, a reality he should look in an execution made vital as a result of these shots. William Conroy proposes that in terminating into a dormant ody, Meursault is potentially attempting to slaughter passing, discharging those repressed feelings and giving a purgation to the agitated sentiments about his moms demise. 7 It is his own particular manner of adapting to death, a subject he needs so far expelled from him, he wants to dispense with it four additional occasions. As Meursault at long last is compelled to think about his own demise as execution, he mulls over the utilization of the guillotine as the technique for capital punishment. He has somehow or another acknowledged his destiny, because of the absence of an enthusiasm for advancing an intrigue, yet he battles with he idea of pulling for his own demise. The one memory Meursault shares about his dad is the tale of how in spite of being nauseated by the occasion; his father would go to the executions of lawbreakers. While it disturbs Meursault as a kid, in the wake of thinking about his own circumstance, Meursault closes, here was nothing more significant than an execution, and that when you come directly down to it, it was the main thing a man could really be keen on.. (p 110) Meursault is starting to see the inspiration to live, partially in light of the fact that he comprehends the danger of death. It isn't so uch the way that his life will end soon, however the certainty of the guillotin e carrying out its responsibility. Without this thin chance of disappointment, Even one out of many was adequate to fix things. (p 111) Meursault is compelled to acknowledge demise, Just as he perceives how valuable life is lastly invites both possibility and inspiration into his circle as he attempts to get away from the certainty of his own passing by evolving. At the preliminary, Meursault isn't Judged for

Legal System Principles and Fundamentally Protects

Question: Talk about the Legal System Principles and Fundamentally Protects. Answer: Presentation The Australian lawful framework is assessed as one ort of lawful framework which is completely founded on specific types of popularity based standards and essentially ensures the various kinds of qualities and convictions of the network. Australia is fundamentally seen to follow a sacred government that is spoken to in Australia by the senator general of the nation (Baldwin, et al 2012). Then again it is seen that a few nations do work by considering the military tyranny while some different nations are seen to have gotten incompletely majority rule. Because of this, residents of Australia are exposed to laws when they go into some different nations as visitor. The principle intention behind the Australian law is simply to gracefully with social attachment so the contentions could be limited inside the general public. Every single law is acknowledged by the general public and along these lines helps in building up an ideal standard of the general public with the goal that it could pe rform proficiently. The Australian legitimate framework is additionally seen to features the standard of the general public (Burdon, et al 2010). Component examination: The Research on chosen theme has asked to features the impacts because of absence of popular government on various individuals like proficient, uneducated, poor rich just as utilized and jobless. Through this article the impact has been featured based on the Australian legitimate framework. Distinctive key focuses that would be talked about inside the article are the means by which absence of popular government in the mainland of Australia is expanding the neediness level and prompting a drop down in the monetary field would be examined. A few issues like potential inadequacy among the residents of Australia because of absence of majority rules system would likewise be brought into see through this paper. Some difficult regions in the examination is to feature manners by which in any event, during absence of vote based system the nearness of the redistributive arrangements has helped the business part of Australia to make a stage advance and make long haul progress while adding to th e economy of the mainland even in the midst of absence of majority rules system and issues in the standard of law would be featured. Proclamation examination The Australian vote based framework is essentially described of an open vote based society. Inside this vote based framework it has been expressed that few type of changes are expected to reinforce the degree of popular government in Australia. It is essentially seen to incorporate the some constituent changes a solid parliament, a progressively responsible government, hostile to defilement, the opportunity over discourse for the Australian residents including their commitment and a human rights (Butler, et al 2013). Because of absence of vote based system, and with the issue in the standard of law, it is seen that the Australian resident couldn't build up their potential ability of living uninhibitedly from dread, badgering just as separation rather than their education level. They are not completely ensured under the standard of law and in this way couldn't perform exercises as indicated by their degree of fulfillment. In basic words the absence of majority rules system for Austral ian resident doesn't ensure about the foundation of an autonomous legal executive. The absence of popular government doesn't enable the Australian resident to specify their sentiments of obligation towards the nation regardless of whether they are proficient or ignorant. In this manner, with the absence of majority rule government, poor people and the rich individuals are effectively ready to build up a feeling of commitment during the time spent choosing their own gathering who might be controlling and doesn't gracefully the individuals with the chance of creating belongingness toward the general public and furthermore for the country (Goel,et al 2010). In spite of the announcement it has been discovered that the absence of popular government and the issue of law are expanding the opportunity of joblessness and neediness which is considered as one of the significant difficulties on the planet economy. Joblessness is expanding odds of monetary emergency and diminishing the buying li mit of a few assets by the modern area, which therefore is expanding the weight of obligation. In this way, when all is said in done terms it could be expressed that the expanding level of joblessness is bringing into notice the hanging down money related state of Australia for the most part in view of the absence of popular government. The interest of work is one of the most essential purpose behind joblessness that is most found in the Australia because of issue in the standard of modern law. During social emergency the overabundance accessibility of law was the most indispensable purpose for joblessness (Harpur, 2010). Certain unique changes have raised changes in the hierarchical structure of Australia and for such the absence of majority rules system have expanded the odds of auxiliary joblessness inside the landmass. In context of the absence of majority rules system, the delegate popular government is acknowledged somewhat however is down to earth application is seen to show an error with changes set up and time. The most essential issue behind the standard of law is that it supplies with specific types of contestable cases and are worked without the meaningful substance accumulated from the better places. The Australian landmass, as encountered a consistent upward financial portability, yet at the same time there is an imbalance in the dispersion of the work because of absence of majority rules system and the issue in the standard of law simultaneously have expanded the joblessness rate in the mainland of Australia. For certain individuals low maintenance work is accessible, however the adolescent age is encountering a significant issue with regards to getting utilized (Jackson,et al 2012). The landmass Australia is currently seen to be on the note of making a move towards the data economy that for the most part relies upon the high gifted laborers. for a significant issue in the standard of law the danger of joblessness is for the most part experienced by workers of various little and medium scale ventures, the assembly line laborers and the those individuals who have quite recently accumulated aptitudes while working. From the business setting, rule of law is assessed to expand the issue of openings for work essentially for the female commanded part. Regardless of the absence of vote based system, from business setting it has been distinguished that associations and mechanical divisions do enlist the laborers from outside just as inside workforce based on laborers progress, rather than having any kind of effect between the rich and poor, the proficient and ignorant who might be appropriate for the association (Ward, et al 2011). Or maybe it is seen that associations and organizations enroll gatherings of individuals independent of their money related status and education level with the goal that the efficiency level of the organization is kept up. In understanding to the Australian lawful framework, it has been discovered that because of absence of vote based system an enormous distinction between the rich and the needy individuals could be seen alongside an expanding contrast between the rich and poor neighborhood. In opposition to this it has been discovered that still today plentiful number of individuals live beneath the destitution line. As per the Australian lawful framework it is seen that to a most extreme degree about 56% of the Australians who are inside the age of 15 to 74 can accomplish the level three proficiency or over that (Kalemli-Ozcan et al 2010). By and large, vote based system gives the individual from the nation with a few chances so they could take an interest in the open life. be that as it may, from the business point of view as indicated by the Australian legitimate framework it permits the individuals whether be educated or unskilled and poor or rich to vest some type of premium and as a way to accom plish influence for the individuals and impact them to do various exercises. Indeed, even with the nearness of the absence of majority rules system, from business point of view it has been expressed that individuals are mainland independent of their money related just as instructive status are save to worldwide arrangement and understandings. These are in reality a type of perspective that is absolutely against the act of majority rule government which ought to be continually under estimation (Kolk et al 2010). The achievement in the business field of the Australian subcontinent has occurred with the absence of vote based system alongside the gutting dominant part of the social intrigue where individuals of various social and monetary status are seen to have made themselves included. Changes because of the absence of majority rules system, mostly mirrors that the more significant level of opportunity is related by both the educated and the uneducated individuals fundamentally regard ing political affiliation. Likewise from the business viewpoint, data has been accumulated on this reality that majority rules system is less promising for long haul improvement of the modern and just as the business area, this chiefly happens as a result of the authorization over the rich and the poor redistribution arrangement of salary (McKay, et al 2012). According to the absence of vote based system from the business point of view the tyrant systems inside the mainland of Australia are profoundly protected from the redistributive governmental issues and which permits the business segment to continue for accomplishing long haul development in the business and add to the landmasses economy. For instance the Australian car industry is essentially seen select representatives who for the most part come up from a poor foundation independent of the absence of vote based system and issues in the standard of law. End The Australian legitimate framework is chiefly seen to work on a two layered premise at the state and government level. Likewise it has been seen that the Australian legitimate framework features the manners by which the legislative and legal framework capacities at both the government and the state level. The utilization of laws at the government and the state level is adjusted by the high court of Australia (Semple, et al 2013). When all is said in done the Australian legitimate framework features how the equal framework accomplishes cooperate in zones, for example, regulat

Selecting the new bloggers!

Selecting the new bloggers! Perhaps the second most exciting time of the year (after selecting the incoming class) is the selection of the new bloggers. And now, with freshman orientation quickly approaching, that time of year is upon us! As has become the tradition, the blogger selection committee will include this years senior bloggers: Laura and Lulu. Our objective will be to select bloggers for the site who will reflect the MIT culture, the excitement, enthusiasm and diversity of MIT. Without any further ado, heres this years app Blogger Application 2008 All current MIT undergraduates are welcome to apply. We hope to hire 3 incoming freshmen and perhaps a couple juniors and seniors (we do not plan to hire a sophomore, but will not rule it out). To be considered for a blogger position, you should email me by Saturday, August 16, 2008 and provide the following: Blog/writing stuff Provide a link to your portfolio. This will be the single most important part of your application.While you do not need to have a current blog, we have found that students who already keep blogs are the most active bloggers and best make the transition to being public bloggers for the MIT Admissions program. While we cannot say for certain that we will only hire someone with an active blog, we will have a preference for folks who do have active blogs. If you do not currently keep a blog, you may wish to start a new blog and start writing over the next couple weeks. Or, you may just submit a portfolio of writings. If you do have a current blog, please send a link to it. If your blog is locked/protected, please also include a way for the committee to read the entries youd like us to see. (You dont need to clean it up we will understand that a very public, unlocked site would contain different writing than a locked, personal journal) If you post regularly on any admissions (or related) forums such as College Confidential, please provide URLs and username/screenname/etc. (If you dont, no worries I dont do this, either) Biographical stuff Tell us your major, or (for freshmen) possibilities of your major. Tell us what activities hope to become involved with at MIT, or (for upperclassmen) what youre currently involved with on campus. Let us know your living group. For freshmen, tell us which dorm youve been temped in. For upperclassmen, tell us where you live, and, if applicable, any FSILG affiliations. Short Answer Essays Short answer #1 In a paragraph or two, describe why you want to be an admissions blogger and what unique things you feel youll contribute to the program. Short answer #2 (please choose one of the following). Option A: In a paragraph or two, describe to us a YouTube video, and why it is the single most important piece of art ever created. (Please include its URL) Option B: Create and submit MIT Admissions blog-related Lolcats (or Lolbeavers, or Lolsnivelys, or). Submit a minimum of 2 and maximum of 4. [for the curious, links to previous blogger applications: 2007 2006] If you have any questions, feel free to comment below.

Classification Help For Mental Disorders Essay - 498 Words

There are many different things that are the cause of mental disorders. Alcoholism, brain tumors, strokes, and damage to the brain are a few causes of mental disorders. Mental disorders can also result from birth. There are many health care services for mental disorders. Three occupations that help the symptoms of mental health are psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist. Each of these occupations, psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist, treat mental health symptoms differently, have different requirements of education, and are authorized to different rights concerning the patient. A psychiatrist is one occupation that helps deal with mental health problems. A psychiatrist deals with mental,†¦show more content†¦A neurologist also has the duty of performing surgery that deals with the brain. There is a real need for research in the field of neurology. However, despite the lack of studying, there is much success in this field. A neurologist has a larger area that they are required to study other than just mental disorders. Clinical psychology is an occupation that deals with mental health problems, too. The clinical psychologist is a psychologist who analyzes and treats emotional and behavioral disorders. This person may have any one of several degrees: Master of Arts, Master of Science, doctor of philosophy in psychology, or doctor of education. A clinical psychologist can practice psychotherapy, group therapy, and individual counseling. The field of clinical psychology is a field that specializes in treating emotional and behavioral disorders. This is the type of psychologist that most people think of when they hear of one going to the â€Å"shrink†. There are many different occupations that help deal with mental health disorders. 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Biography of Egon Schiele, Expressionist Artist

Austrian artist Egon Schiele (June 12, 1890—October 31, 1918) is best known for his expressionistic—and often sexually explicit—depictions of the human body. He was a successful artist in his time, but his career was cut short by the Spanish flu pandemic. He died at age 28. Fast Facts: Egon Schiele Occupation: ArtistKnown For: Sexually explicit paintings that shocked audiences and pushed the boundaries of the art world.Born: June 12, 1890 in Tulln, Austria-HungaryDied: October 31, 1918 in Vienna, Austria-HungaryEducation: Academy of Fine Arts ViennaSelected Works: Kneeling Nude with Raised Hands (1910), Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant (1912), Death and the Maiden (1915)Notable Quote: Art cannot be modern. Art is primordially eternal. Early Life Born in Tulln, Austria, on the banks of the Danube River, Egon Schiele was the son of Adolf Schiele, a station master for the Austrian State Railways. Trains were the subject of many of Egons early drawings as a child. He was known to spend many hours drawing and avoiding other topics in school. Egon Schiele had three sisters: Melanie, Elvira, and Gerti. Elvira often modeled for her brothers paintings. She married Schieles friend, the artist Anton Peschka. Schiele was close to his sister Gerti, the youngest child of the family; some biographical accounts suggest that the relationship was incestuous. Schieles father died from syphilis when the artist was 15. Schiele became a ward of his maternal uncle, Leopold Czihaczek. With the change of households, Schiele experienced support for his interest in art. In 1906, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. Career Beginnings In 1907, a teenage Egon Schiele sought out the famed artist Gustav Klimt, the founder of the Vienna Secession. Klimt took a keen interest in Schiele and bought his drawings while also introducing him to other patrons. Schieles early works show a strong influence of art nouveau and the style of the Vienna Secession. Klimt invited Schiele to exhibit his work at the 1909 Vienna Kuntschau. Schiele encountered the work of many other artists at the event, including Edvard Munch and Vincent van Gogh. Shortly after, Schieles work began to explore the human form in a sometimes sexually explicit manner. His 1910 painting Kneeling Nude with Raised Hands is seen as one of the most important nude pieces of the early 20th century. However, many observers at the time considered Schieles frank sexual content disturbing. In later years, Schiele distanced himself from Klimts ornate art nouveau-inspired aesthetic. Instead, his works began to take on a dark, emotional feel, emphasizing the intensity of human psychology. Arrest and Controversy From 1910 to 1912, Schiele participated in a wide range of group shows in Prague, Budapest, Cologne, and Munich. He founded the Neukunstgrupped (New Art Group) as a rebellion against the conservative nature of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. The group included other young artists such as Austrian expressionist Oskar Kokoschka. In 1911, Schiele met 17-year-old Walburga Neuzil. Neuzil lived with Schiele and served as a model for many of his paintings. Together, they left Vienna for Krumau, a small town that is now part of the Czech Republic. It was the birthplace of Egons mother. The couple was driven out of the town by local residents who disapproved of their way of life, including the fact that Schiele hired local teenage girls as nude models. Schiele and Neuzel moved to the small Austrian town of Neulengbach, about 35 kilometers west of Vienna. Egons art studio became a gathering place for local teenagers, and in 1912, he was arrested for seducing a young underaged girl. Police searching the studio seized more than one hundred drawings considered pornographic. A judge later dropped charges of seduction and abduction but convicted the artist of exhibiting erotic works in places accessible to children. He spent 24 days in jail. Schiele painted Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant in 1912. Historians consider it one of his most significant self-portraits. He depicted himself staring at viewers in a confident fashion. It avoids an idealized view of the artist by showing lines and scars on his face and neck. It was exhibited in Munich in 1912 and now resides in Viennas Leopold Museum. In 1913, the Galerie Hans Goltz produced Egon Schieles first solo show. He had another solo exhibition in Paris in 1914. In 1915, Schiele decided to marry Edith Harms, a daughter of middle-class parents in Vienna. He reportedly expected to also keep his relationship with Walburga Neuzil, but when she found out about the intent to marry Edith, she left, and Schiele never saw her again. He painted Death and the Maiden in response to the split with Neuzil, and he married Edith on June 17, 1915. Military Service Schiele avoided signing up to fight in World War I for nearly a year, but three days after his wedding, authorities called him to active duty in the army. Edith followed him to Prague, the city where he was stationed, and they were allowed to occasionally see each other. Despite his military service guarding and escorting Russian prisoners, Schiele continued to paint and exhibit his work. He had shows in Zurich, Prague, and Dresden. Due to a heart condition, Schiele received a desk job assignment as a clerk at a prisoner of war camp. There, he drew and painted imprisoned Russian officers. Final Years and Death In 1917, Schiele returned to Vienna and co-founded the Vienna Kunsthalle (Art Hall) with his mentor, Gustav Klimt. Schiele painted prolifically and participated in the Vienna Secessions 49th exhibit in 1918. Fifty of his works were displayed in the main hall of the event. The exhibition was a rousing success. In 1918, the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic struck Vienna. Six months pregnant, Edith Schiele died of the flu on October 28, 1918. Egon Schiele died three days later. He was 28 years old. Legacy Egon Schiele was a crucial figure in the development of Expressionism in painting. Schiele painted a phenomenal number of self-portraits and executed more than 3,000 drawings. His works often have stark emotional content in addition to the frank study of the human body. He worked alongside both Gustav Klimt and Oskar Kokoschka, other key Austrian artists of the era. Schieles short yet prolific art career, the sexually explicit content of his work, and the allegations of sexual misconduct against the artist himself have made him the subject of multiple films, essays, and dance productions. The Leopold Museum in Vienna has the most extensive collection of Schieles work: over 200 pieces. Schieles work draws some of the highest contemporary prices at auction. In 2011, Houses With Colorful Laundry (Suburb II) sold for $40.1 million. In 2018, the 100th anniversary of Egon Schieles death inspired significant exhibitions of his work in London, Paris, and New York. Source Natter, Tobias G. Egon Schiele: The Complete Paintings, 1909-1918. Taschen, 2017.

Brand Management Article Review Free Essays

Introduction: Review: Teresa da Silva Lopes Mark Casson (Winter, 2007). Entrepreneurship and the Development of Global Brands: Business History Review 81 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College (Extract from page 651-680) World’s economy in early 1980s leaded to the merger wave in business industries. Only few independent brands have survived during that period. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Management Article Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the article, the authors addressed the question of why so few independent brands survived and they also aim to address about the contribution of entrepreneurs to the successful and growth of the companies. The authors also of demonstrated some well-known brands and their related case of how did the change in ownership affect the brand name. Summary: Entrepreneurship and innovation is a competitive asset for each organization. In the past time, entrepreneur refers to the founder of the business, but the definition was expanded overtime. In the article, authors define entrepreneur as â€Å"someone who specializes in taking judgmental decisions about the coordination of scarce resources with an economic aim and under conditions of uncertainty. This means that the entrepreneur is not necessarily a capitalist or the founder of a business, but is someone who is not afraid of risk and who â€Å"gets things done† and has an economic aim. Because of the changing in business environment, today entrepreneur has more skills, business related knowledge and capabilities in expanding their brand into different geography or internationally or rejuvenate it in order to keep the popularity and s till make a profit. Brand is a powerful strategic tool to distinguish company from its competitors, communicate to customer and attract customer loyalty. A brand can have a rise, and then fall out of favor, to be out of date by the arrival of new brand. Trajectory of brands or the life of each brand is surely depends on the company’s performance and strategies they decide to take in action so as to create brand personalities for their products or services. Without careful management, brands can follow the general pattern of a product lifecycle: moving through introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages in a relatively rapid fashion. Authors indicate that the change in brand ownership or management team may take into account when discussing about trajectory of brands. Thus to keep the brand forever young is necessary mission that each company need to achieve. Some brands become successful immediately after introduced into the market and it remains successful until now under the single ownership and management team but some become successful after their previous ownership or management team was changed. Various strategies are suggested by the author as they are implemented by several successful brands such as the extension of an existing brand (Asahi Super Dry), or by the creation of a new brand, or by forging a compromise between the two (Nescafe). The firm may also hire new managers and consultants in order to boost temporarily the creative resources at the firm’s disposal (as happened in the case of KitKat). Another strategy suggested is to change the firm’s recruitment policies and hiring new managers with stronger entrepreneurial capabilities to obtain a permanent solution. Furthermore, using merger and acquisition strategy to change the brand ownership enable some multi-firm brands especially the companies in food, drink, and cosmetics industries become successful and stay young. Brand rejuvenation in the article refers to â€Å"tweaking the brand image to appeal to a new generation of consumers†. Rejuvenation of the brand should be take into action when customer in the market lose their concentration on the existing one or the traditional market for a brand may stagnate, unacceptable to an emerging market for the brand or there is an increase in demand for products or services, because in order to be well suited to the culture, demand, preference of different group of customer and to create availability of the products they want wherever they are. Based on the study, the authors conclude that successful global brand usually originate in developed countries. It takes very long time to build their brand personalities and recognition. Strategies of brand extensions that we often see are merger and acquisition, franchising, licensing and some brands are trades as pieces of intellectual property. Critic Negative: Brand rejuvenation is a strategic tool for the company to recapture market share and to keep the brands up to date for consumers, but not all brand should be rejuvenated since due to two main reasons. Firstly, some brand is very harmful to people health and society. For example, tobacco and alcohol products have many harmful effects are not limited to only health-related issues but as well as a whole society will suffer from its effects. Smoking cigarettes opens the possibility to the people that are around you to breathe second-hand smoke. This increases the risk of cancer in others around you. Also, smoke is bad for the environment and the ozone layer whereby people who drink and drive may cause many road accident and they tend to commit violence in the family more that people who do not. Secondly, the negative point of brand rejuvenation is the decrease in physical communication due to the growth in technology related branding. In the past, people spend more time to talk to their friends, colleges and family but presently, digital form of communication decrease social interaction. Because the development of technology, many company try to rejuvenate their brand by introducing high- tech product to the market. Most people believe that technology such as cell phones and e-mail has made their lives easier. From e-mails, to Facebook, to television, people are becoming dependent on technology; we cannot live without our iPhones. As a real example that happen to myself, sometimes I spend a whole day in bedroom just to tweet, facebook and surfing internet; I do not interact with people around at all within whole day. People are distancing themselves from life off- line. This create distant of people interaction from day to day. Positive: We totally agree with the authors who state that entrepreneurs contribute to the growth of a firm and brand succeeds and innovation, intelligence and skills are the required factors to build a successful brand. Brand building is an important issue in strategic marketing and driving force for shareholder’s value. Good brand image and brand recognition in the market is what all entrepreneurs and managements intend to get. The growth and development of a firm mostly depends on the motivation and ambition of the owner itself. Among the important features of an entrepreneur that effects the firm growth involves general background of the owner involving age and education of the owner along with his growth motivation and management know how organizational practices on the behalf of entrepreneurs. Innovative idea and technological capabilities of entrepreneur also the contribution factors that each entrepreneur should care about. We also agree with the authors that brand rejuvenation is a great tool to make more money. Brand rejuvenation is the effort to bring a brand which could not make money into the one that can generate money for company by using new positioning or communication strategy. Normally, companies decide to rejuvenate their brand in order to respond to internal and external changes. For example when new competitors come into the market, they may have taken over the category and the company is struggling to generate revenues from the current product, thus company need to rejuvenate their brand or new option has to be launched. Another reason is when the existing product or service is in declining stage of product life cycle, it is an appropriate time to rejuvenate the brand in order to recapture the market share. Some other reason why company should rejuvenate their brand is to shed the negative image of the existing brand, to incorporate in new mission or develop a new brand when repositioning. Moreover, the target market for the brand has aged so the brand has to renew its positioning in the minds of the next generation of consumers. Because brand may no longer meet the consumers’ needs or desires, where in the consumer has shifted to a different platform. Conclusion After reading and reviewing this article, we got more ideas on how branding is very important for each company in generate the profit in long term, how entrepreneur contribute to the firm growth and success. The authors provide enough reasons to support their article by indicated real example of some major brand how they are developed to become the global one. The authors indicate two main strategies for brand development which are entrepreneurship and brand rejuvenation. Brand rejuvenation can lead the company to capture market share as well as to compete in the market effectively in the long run. How to cite Brand Management Article Review, Essay examples

Paraphrasing Epidemiology Questions Answers

Question: Explainthe paraphrasing epidemiology questions answers. Answer: Answer 1. Randomized trial in a controlled environment recommended. The acute myocardial blockage will be intervened with a cold therapy which will be followed by standard therapies as recommended for patients with acute cases. Only those patients receiving the standard therapy will be consist the group chosen for comparison. Here, the end result will be brain damage. Answer 2. On the basis of a retrospective group analysis, the exposure is to asbestos. It can be presumed as per the study of exposure conducted on a certain populace, the exposure is determined to be a result of occupation related exposure. This exposure leads to diseases like asbestosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma and other heart related diseases, which could have been enlisted in the records as well. The best way to perform the analysis would be doing it from the database of a hospital. Answer 3.The conclusion mentioned in the question cannot be agreed upon as; the case is not providing sufficient evidence which is convincing enough to support the case. In comparison to the period from 1950 to 1980, the present days diagnostic procedures have improved which might increase the number of reports on congenital malformations. Thus, this gives rise to the necessity for further information regarding this particular condition. No further information on other factors like the rate among the rural and urban populace, probable confounding aspects like the socioeconomic status have been taken into consideration or not, healthcare and proper diagnosis availability and accessibility, attitude towards seeking out healthcare, presence of other comorbidity and so on. All of the above stated particulars are required prior to arriving at any sort of conclusion. Answer 4. A positive and linear connection exists between consuming chocolate and attaining the status of a Nobel Laureate. Ethnographic analysis was implemented. Determining the precise associations is not possible from this analysis as the data has not been collected from individuals, which brings out the fundamental disadvantage. Furthermore, the design of the analysis is far weaker than other designs comparatively. Refuse to justify as, the cause cannot be determined from the analyses at all, only the association is possible to determine. However, to determine such sort of association an ethnographic analysis design proves to be a weak design. The cause cannot even be associated with the Hills criteria thus, the conclusion cannot be agreed upon. Information on factors influencing or determining cognitive functions and additional social contexts are required for the purpose. Answer 5. Surveillances are of three types and are as follows: Passive Surveillance: the local providers of healthcare services collect data relating to the concerned disease on a routine basis and then the data is forwarded to the authority in the form of a report. As the departments of health do not encourage collection of these sorts of data, this sort of data collection is of a passive nature; rather the reporting procedure is more of a regular procedure. Active Surveillance: this kind of surveillance is encouraged by the authorities of the health department towards the proper collection and reporting of data by the health workers. Here, the health workers are further monitored to ascertain the acquisition of accurate reports based on the data. Furthermore, there is possibility to gain incentive for data collection completion. However, this process involves more resources and additional time. Sentinel Surveillance: this kind of surveillance method is implemented in exclusive cases where there is less possible chance of acquiring the information on the disease through active or passive surveillance. The authorities of the health department engage greater attention upon the collection of data by the health workers and also provide extra incentives upon successful data acquisition. This procedure too requires additional time and resources. For instance, for an infectious disease like flu it would be the responsibility of the health workers to carry on a passive surveillance and prepare reports on the acquired data on a regular basis. In case of a particular season when flu is common or as a result of an outbreak of flu active surveillance can be initiated in order to obtain comprehensive data. In cases where the authorities at the health department require to identify flu types from a particular region they can consider to initiate Sentinel Surveillance. Answer 6. a) A study on case control. In this study, children with asthma will be the cases and the children not having asthma will be the controls. History based on the data of exposure (whooping cough and measles) had been collected based on both the controls and cases respectively. b) Sources considered to be potent for bias are as follows: Selection bias: the controls were chosen from the south island and the cases were chosen from the north island. Misclassification bias: diagnostic criteria were not specified for classifying non asthma and asthma controls and cases. Furthermore, it was not certain whether the same kind of diagnostic tools were used for the process or not, which could misclassify the controls and cases potentially. Recall bias: the record of whooping cough and measles were asked from the mothers, which could have been a potent factor for bringing in the recall bias criterion on the provided information. Response bias: As there was hardly anything mentioned about the rate of response, there could be a potential for response bias. Based on the significant differences from the non-respondents and respondents in matters to exposure and end results, it might initiate biasness. c) In the process of determining probable confounders associated between infection and asthma the question regarding the parents addiction towards smoking and the country or city where the affected dwelt arose. Having this data would be a great help to the researchers for they would be able to regulate those as probable confounders at the time of the analysis of the study. Answer 7. The two primary potential bias are as under: Recall bias: interview was conducted on mothers regarding their hobbies, the set time period was 3months after and before the time of conception, and last 5months after the birth of the baby. Therefore, it was likely that the mothers having developmental anomalies will have the memory of it and others will not be able to recall it precisely. Selection bias: mothers speaking only Spanish or English were chosen and mothers speaking other languages were left out. However, the infants from the same region chosen for the purpose. As a result of recall bias, there will be a difference in the reports by the controls and cases regarding the exposure. The report on the odds ratio is going to be overestimated. As a consequence of the selection bias already mentioned, a group of mothers will be left out as based on their linguistic backgrounds. If the intensity of developmental anomalies is found to be greater among them, then the bias will be null as based on the odds ratio of the report. These kinds of biases can be avoided by two methods: in order to avoid selection bias linguistic restrictions should be lifted at the stage when the design is made. In order to avoid recall bias, the preset period of time should be reduced so that precise information can be obtained or mothers having other sort of disease can be selected from that very healthcare concern. Answer 8. Scenario two has been selected for the answer: Cross selection of study shall be used to analyze the relationship between trace metal and Perthes disease and analyze the relation between toxic metal and perthes disease. In this particular study design, the exposure is the toxic metal and trace metal and the end result is perthes disease. The end result is pre-determined or implementation of a standard diagnostic analysis will be incorporated to confirm. In order to identify the exposure the levels of toxic metals and trace metals will be required to detect by means of doing a blood test. This is a cross-sectional study as; both the data on end results and the exposure can be collected at the same time. The data will be further analyzed to identify the associations. Key limitations for this study design are as under: Making casual inference might be difficult as, it is impossible to validate whether the exposure of toxic metals and trace metals led the end results of Perthes disease. As a consequence of the nature of this particular study design it is quite the task to generalize the analysis results.

Application Essay on Leadership

Application Essay on Leadership The main reason why I am interested in your leadership program is because your program seems very exciting and interesting. Your university community also appears to be an interesting community of which I desire to be part of. However, I am mainly attracted to your university community because, based on its mission statement, your institution stresses the importance of leadership through the involvement of community service, something that I am also very passionate about. I have desired to be in a leadership position since I was young. I am not just interested in the authority and power that comes with leadership, but I am also very interested in being able to positively lead those under my authority so they can achieve their very best in whatever role is assigned to them. I deeply believe that your leadership training program has all the elements that will enable me to become a good and influential leader in my future endeavors. I also want to join your leadership program because I think that your institution has the right training that will not simply prepare me to be a good leader but also to be a great leader who stands out in many aspects. I want to be able to develop skills that will make me an interactive leader who will not simply issue instructions but will also listen to my followers in order to make the best informed decisions with regards to leadership. In this world, there will always be those people who lead and those who follow. I choose to lead. I believe that with education and training that I can acquire from your institution, I will be able to develop my leadership skills and become the best leader that I could ever be. Some of the leadership skills that I have and hope to develop even further with the education that I will acquire from your institution include: excellent communication skills; exceptional projection skills; a sense of empathy; and generally, the ability to inspire people. Furthermore, I endeavor to become an individual who many people respect. A quick examination of the courses that you offer in your leadership program indicates that your curriculum contains all the right components that will help me sharpen these vital skills and to develop others that will aid me in becoming an even better leader. One other aspect about your leadership program that attracts me to your institution is your emphasis on the importance for a leader to be able to think outside the box to find solutions to problems that others are afraid to tackle. I want to be the kind of leader whose leadership skills are helpful on regional, national, and international levels. Some application essay writing tips: Since one is required to provide reasons why an institution should consider admitting one into their program for leadership, one should first know what one wants and if the institution actually offers the kinds of training and mentorship that one expects to receive from the leadership program for which he or she is applying. In this sample application letter, the applicant first explains what of the kind of leader that he or she wants to become. The applicant should also briefly mentions the kind of skills that he or she hopes to develop through participating in the institution’s program. The applicant also confirms that the institution to where he is applying for the leadership program actually offers the relevant courses needed.

101 Solution Examples Professor Ramos Blog

101 Solution Examples Quick Write Quick Write What is the problem you are going to research? Why did you pick this problem? It needs to be related in some way, that you will make clear, to diversity. Solution Argument Examples One example of a solution argument essay that we have previously discussed in this class is â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† by Chimamanda Adichie. To quote a  CNN article on the Danger of a Single Story: Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie believes in the power of stories, and warns that hearing only one about a people or nation leads to ignorance. She says the truth is revealed by many tales. She illustrates this with a story about coming to the United States, as a middle-class daughter of a professor and an administrator, and meeting her college roommate. Adichie says that her roommate’s â€Å"default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning, pity. My roommate had a single story of Africa. A single story of catastrophe.† Adichie also tells how growing up in Nigeria reading only American and English children’s books made her deaf to her authentic voice. As a child, she wrote about such things as blue-eyed white children eating apples, thinking brown skin and mangos had no place in literature. That changed as she discovered African writers, particularly the Nigerian Chinua Achebe. This is a great quote that highlights some of the moves we need to do in our article. It summarizes her topic, problem she is addressing, and solution; including examples she uses. Topic:  Many people do not realize that they are getting only one story. A single story is incomplete and she says dangerous. Problem:  Having a single story about an issue or group of people leads to stereotypes and incomplete information. Solution:  To look for multiple stories of whatever issue or topic you are hearing. She recommends we get our news and stories from multiple perspectives. Reasons and evidence:  She gives examples from her personal life to highlight that she has a personal connection. Background:  She gives background information, citing quotes and examples that place her issue in a historical context. She also uses current examples to place the issue in a contemporary context. Audience Who do you think her audience is? What do they value? Does she address those values? Sample Essays Clicking Originality Away: Social Media’s Effect On Young Female’s Self Esteem Papers Please! The Illegal Immigration Problem Unconscious Bias

Criminal Case Proceedings; Russia vs United States Essay

Criminal Case Proceedings; Russia vs United States - Essay Example Interestingly, it only deals with constitutionality cases, interpreting the constitution and determining the legal aspect of proceedings regarding presidential impeachment. The court is limited to matters of constitutional law, and its ruling is final (Smith, 2006). Ruling from the court cannot change in any other court. Its facts are based on the Russian constitution and the international law; hence allowing it to implement democratic processes that are recognized globally. Arbitrazh courts were regulated by the Federal Constitution Law of 1995. They are mandated with the settling of both the Russian and foreign disputes relating to the property and other economic assets. In addition, they handle disputes arising between companies and legislation of corporations. They are divided into two; the first tier handles first-time cases while the second tier considers appeals of the first case decisions. Judicial courts are under the umbrella of the Federal Constitution Law of 1996. They are mandated to settle a number of disputes including all criminal cases and family issues. Judicial courts are divided into categories like military courts and the Supreme Court, which overlooks the rulings of other lower courts. Supreme Court also clarifies laws on the proceedings of the court (Smith, 2006). United States judicial system is divided into federal level and state level courts. Above the two courts is the Supreme Court. Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. In addition, the Supreme Court is mandated with final interpretation of the United States Constitution. Federal and state courts handle first-time cases (Stacy, 2013). At state level, there are District County courts and State courts of Appeals. The Supreme Court was formed in 1790. Judicially, it is the highest and final arbiter of law in the United States and protects the constitution. It has the powers to overturn presidential decisions if they contradict

Ronald Reagan's Presidency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ronald Reagan's Presidency - Research Paper Example He changed his political views from  liberal  to being a  conservative  spokesperson as a television host, touring the entire country (Reagan, Kiron, Annelise, and Martin 18). He  was elected  the Californian Governor by a one million-vote margin. He  was later re-elected  in 1970. In 1980, Ronald Reagan won the Presidential nomination for Republican and opted for  previous  Texas congressional representative and the current  ambassador  for United Nations George Bush, as his running mate. Troubled by the running inflation and the  incarceration  of Americans in Iran for a year, the Americans voted in the Republican in to the presidency by a whopping 489 votes to President Jimmy Carter’s 49. On 20 January 1981, Reagan  was sworn  into office. After just 69 days, he  was caught  by an assassin’s bullet; nevertheless, he recovered  fast  and returned to perform his duties. His popularity soared during the period of the tragic  inc idence  due to his  wit  and grace. During his tenure as the 40th president of the United States, Reagan accomplished many achievements that  will be remembered  forever in the American History books and the world at large. In 1988 during Reagan’s last year in office, the rate of inflation dropped to 4.4% as compared to 12.5% during Jimmy Carter’s last year in power in 1980. In addition, the rate of unemployment drastically dropped during Reagan’s administration from 7.5% to 5.4%, with the  rate  reaching highs of 10.8% and 10.4% in 1982 and 1983 respectively (Schaller 36). Reagan oversaw the implementation of policies based on the economics of supply-  side  and called for a free-market and liberal-classical philosophy. These policies aimed to reduce the  large  tax cuts across the various sectors of the economy. During his regime, Reagan was also for the idea of taking  back  the U.S. to the era of the gold standard. Reagan’s

Shakespearean Influence On The Lion King English Literature Essay

Shakespearean Influence On The Lion King English Literature Essay Disneys classic movie, The Lion King, and Shakespeares tragic play, Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, have countless comparable aspects. Although William Shakespeare was alive many centuries prior to the movie, many of his elements seem to have rubbed off on The Lion King. Both are stories of a young prince who is torn apart by the premature death of his father. An evil uncle takes over the thrown that should rightly belong to the young prince. Both of the heroes overcome their own flaws and reservations, and attempt to take back their beloved kingdom. The two stories are comparable in their general plot line, ghost appearances, and final scene. After the deaths of the kings, Mufasa and King Hamlet reappear to their sons in the same way; via an apparition. Both of the kings visit their sons and give guidance that sets them into action. After seeing their sons lose their audacity and strength, they become personally offended by the idleness. Mufasa appears to Simba in the clouds, and tells him indirectly that he must rule over the Pride Lands in order to keep peace. Mufasa famously says, Look inside your self Simba, you are more than what you have become, you must take your place in the circle of life. Remember who you areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Remember. After being confronted by his father in the clouds, Simba gains the confidence necessary to face Scar in a battle for the throne. King Hamlet also appears to Hamlet as a ghost and urges his son to avenge his death. The King directly prompts Hamlet by saying Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.31). The appearances of the ghosts drive the princes to action, although King Hamlet directly states his perpetrator and Mufasa only alludes to it. The endings of both stories are exceptionally analogous. The uncles, Claudius and Scar, attempt to kill their nephews in the same fashion in which they originally killed the King.  Claudius attempts to poison Prince Hamlet, just as he poisoned  King Hamlet.  Scar tries to push Simba off of a cliff, the same way in which he killed Mufasa.   However, neither of these endeavors works.  It should also be noted that disloyalty is a theme in Hamlet as well as the Lion King. In the final battles, both villains loyal accomplice turns on them. Laertes betrays Claudius, telling Hamlet that it was Claudius who put poison in the goblet. Laertes last words are Thy mothers poisoned. I can no more. The King, the Kings to blame (V.ii.350-351). Also, the Hyenas turn on Scar after their years of loyal service. Hamlet: Prince of Denmark and The Lion King, are parallel stories of young princes whose uncles murder the King and take over the thrown that should rightly belong to the Princes. Hamlet and Simba overcome their own flaws and reservations to take back their beloved kingdom. The two stories are comparable in their general plot line, ghost appearances, and final scene. Although many of the classic Disney movies, including the Lion King, appear to be pure amusement for young kids, if one probes deep enough beneath the surface, metaphors, as well as connections to some of the greatest literature of all time can be revealed. William Shakespeare is unquestionably one of the most influential writers of all time, so it is not surprising that many of his most distinguished works, especially Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, are the basis of many contemporary works.

Legal History of Bangladesh Short

Legal System has developed gradually in Bangladesh with her growth as a nation over the centuries. Before the advent of British rule this part of the country was under Mughal rule. The Mughals seized power from the Turko-Afghan sultans who ruled the country since the beginning of the 13th century. It was under the Hindu ruler (Aryans) for 1500 years before and after the beginning of Christian era when they conquered the land by vanquishing the indigenous people. During the Turko-Mughal rule the country formed the eastern part of Subah Bangla and, during the British rule, eastern part of the province of Bengal.Historical development of Legal System of Bangladesh: Legal history of Bangladesh can conveniently be studied under five important periods — Hindu Period, Muslim Period, British Period, Pakistan Period and after independence (or Bangladesh period History & Development of Legal System in Bangladesh: Hindu Period to Pakistan Period Md. Ziadul Islam Chowdhury Sadi Department of Law University of Dhaka Legal System has developed gradually in Bangladesh with her growth as a nation over the centuries.Before the advent of British rule this part of the country was under Mughal rule. The Mughals seized power from the Turko-Afghan sultans who ruled the country since the beginning of the 13th century. It was under the Hindu ruler (Aryans) for 1500 years before and after the beginning of Christian era when they conquered the land by vanquishing the indigenous people. During the Turko-Mughal rule the country formed the eastern part of Subah Bangla and, during the British rule, eastern part of the province of Bengal. Historical development of Legal System of Bangladesh:Legal history of Bangladesh can conveniently be studied under five important periods — Hindu Period, Muslim Period, British Period, Pakistan Period and after independence (or Bangladesh period). HINDU PERIOD: Introduction & Sources of Law Legal system in Bangladesh under Hindu period is also known as Aryan legal system because during Hindu period law and legal system were mainly developed by Aryans who migrated from central Asia[1]. After coming to India the Aryans followed certain norms in their conduct with one another. Read also History QuizzesThe rules of conduct (achar) of each class included religious observances which were binding, and violation of the same was expiated by the rituals of penance (prayaschitta). The Brahmins, the priestly class, helped the wrongdoers in performing those rituals. Those rules of conduct were called dharma and included duties and obligations. In course of time it became the dharma of the king to compel the people to observe their rules of conduct and the Brahmins, as the repository of knowledge of those rules, advised the king in administering the same. Legal obligations and their violations were

How Did Erasmus Use Folly to Criticize the Catholic Church

How did Erasmus use â€Å"Folly† to criticize the Catholic Church of his Day? It may seem odd or different to admire and acclaim Folly, but there is a definite benefit to foolishness: the freedom to tell only factual information. In Praise of Folly, Erasmus put this independence to good use in repeating to the readers, a civilization significantly besmirched by mature worries, that a person is unable to serve both God and Mammon. He leveled over his irony by promising us that â€Å"there is merit in being attacked by Folly† (7), and closed with the recap that â€Å"it's Folly and a woman who's been speaking† (134), a renunciation that permitted him to be as brutal as he desired to be in his condemnation. He definitely found necessity for severity, for the standards he saw at the center of Christianity, the sympathy and detriment of the Scriptures, were everywhere stunned by gluttony, drive, and fallacy. Having the disguise of Folly, Erasmus critiqued the developing middle-class financial values, policies of hierarchy, and even Catholicism itself, and in the course he safeguarded the traditional Christian ethic, which appears as Folly to the world. Obviously, the affection of Christ was distant from the princes of Christendom, having been substituted by egotism and exploitation. While Erasmus remained faithful to the Catholic Church, Erasmus observed many exploitations among her ministry, theologians, and untrained persons, and he dedicated a huge apportion of the Praise of Folly to disapproval of the sleaze in the Church. The sleaze of the clergy was similar to that of the princes, and like the princes their existences made ridicule of the â€Å"linen vestment, snow-white in colour to indicate a pure and spotless life† (107) and other symbols of the ideal Erasmus envisioned for the cardinals, bishops, and popes. Their greatest care was â€Å"netting their revenues into the bag† (107). The popes were biased by the fraud of â€Å"their wealth and honours, their sovereignty and triumphs, their many offices, dispensations, taxes, and indulgences, all their horses and mules, their retinue, and their countless pleasures† (109). In what way, as â€Å"vicars of Christ†, were they able to â€Å"imitate his life of poverty and toil† (108). Reasonably, they permitted individuals to â€Å"enjoy deluding themselves with imaginary pardons for their sins† (63-64) through the deal of pardons, and Church offices were given to the highest bidder rather than the most religious. Erasmus also critiqued the reclusive system, being detached from civilization seemed to make the monks â€Å"a long way removed from religion† (96)l. The priests, like their elders, believed mostly of â€Å"harvesting their gains† (112), using Scripture and ancient writings to reinforce their right to the duty, while â€Å"it never occurs to them how much can be read everywhere about the duty they owe the people in return† (111). Erasmus criticized the theologians, in particular the scholastics, for the exclusiveness that triggered them to â€Å"write for a learned minority† (81) and divide theological aspects that only added to division. Among the untrained people, Erasmus saw â€Å"varieties of silliness† in the â€Å"ordinary life of Christians everywhere† (66). Fallacy and empty rites made up most of the varieties of silliness. Erasmus spoke out contrary to the sect of saints, whose supporters had disremembered the vital opinion that â€Å"the saint will protect you if you'll try to imitate his life† (66) in their dependence on the saints to get them out of dilemmas. He also cautioned of the Virgin Mary that â€Å"the common ignorant man comes near to attributing more to her than to her son† (65). The â€Å"varieties of silliness† and fallacy of the commonplace people had substantially fogged the important principles of Christianity, yet they were â€Å"readily permitted and encouraged by priests who are not unaware of the profit to be made thereby† (66). Erasmus acknowledged that the standards and financial system of Capitalism that were evolving along with the new middle-class was in many ways differed to conservative Christianity, so traders and their class were integrated in the mocking attacks of Folly. He criticized many classes of people for their commitment to Mammon: gamblers who â€Å"make shipwreck of their entire resources† (62), the man who â€Å"marries a dowry, not a wife† (76), or â€Å"thinks himself rich on loans and credit† (76), â€Å"the priests who look for profit by their flocks† (66), and the merchants themselves, â€Å"most foolish of all, and the meanest† (76). Erasmus brought out their â€Å"lies, perjury, thefts, frauds, and deceptions† (76), which does not stop them from seeing themselves greater on justification of their prosperity. He also made note of the narcissism of this wealth, though one can be affluent and influential, â€Å"if he lacks all spiritual goods and can never be satisfied, then he's surely the poorest of men† (44). â€Å"Spiritual goods† such as devout knowledge are not good business sense: â€Å"How much money,† Folly asks, â€Å"can he make in business if he lets wisdom be his guide, if he recoils from perjury, blushes if he's caught telling a lie, and takes the slightest notice of those niggling scruples wise men have about thieving and usury? (114) The traders instead displayed a sophisticated understanding to outfit their gluttony. Erasmus also criticized the tiered type of his society, in particular criticizing the dishonesty of kings and their courts and the desolation of noble designations. He reprimanded those who took pleasure in â€Å"an empty title of nobility† (67), proposing they might be called â€Å"low-born and bastard† because they were â€Å"so far removed from virtue, which is the sole source of nobility† (45). He grieved that honesty is far from stately courts, princes â€Å"having no one to tell them the truth, and being obliged to have flatterers for friends† (56). His idea of what a monarch should be is very forward and point blank, he â€Å"has to devote himself to public instead of his personal affairs, and must think only of the well-being of his people† (104). But in reality it was far dissimilar, as Erasmus showed the idea of the prince, whose immoralities make ridicule of the royal representations of what he should be, â€Å"a man ignorant of the law, well nigh an enemy to his people's advantage while intent on his personal convenience, a dedicated voluptuary, a hater of learning, freedom, and truth, without a thought for the interests of his country, and measuring everything in terms of his own profit and desires. Then give him a gold chain, symbol of the concord between all the virtues, a crown studded with precious stones to remind him that he must exceed all others in every heroic quality. Add a sceptre to symbolize justice and a wholly uncorrupted heart, and finally, the purple as an emblem of his overwhelming devotion to his people. If the prince were to compare these insignia with his way of life, I'm sure he would blush to be thus adorned, and fear that some satirist would turn all these trappings into a subject for mockery and derision† (105). Though he criticized the irrationality that led to fraud in the Church, societal ladders of rank, and finances, Erasmus smoothed out his justification of conservative Christianity with admiration for a different kind of Folly, the vital Scriptural truths of Christianity which are the knowledge of God that seems silliness to people. He mentioned Paul's lessons of the folly of the Gospel, declaring that â€Å"the Christian religion has a kind of kinship with folly in some form, though it has none at all with wisdom† (128). If â€Å"by stoic definition wisdom means nothing else but being ruled by reason; and folly, by contrast, is being swayed by the dictates of the passions† (29), then the dominant education of Christianity, love for God and one's fellow citizen, was in fact similar to folly, for love is definitely a passion. This forsaken love along with empathy, martyr, and the other principles of Christian idiocy, was what Erasmus pursued to support in his criticism of a civilization tainted in the observance of Mammon rather than God.

Rizal, Bonifacio, and Aguinaldo Filipino Independence