Impact of producing goods and services in the market and protect the environment Essays

Impact of producing goods and services in the market and protect the environment Essays Impact of producing goods and services in the market and protect the environment Essay Impact of producing goods and services in the market and protect the environment Essay Introduction Administrations do non work in separately and need to see that doing money is non the lone aim of the being of the administration. They need to see the impact of bring forthing goods and services in the market and protect the environment, understand the demand of our environing society, clients, provider, authorities houses, revenue enhancement governments and anyone who is affected by their determination in the concern universe. Therefore concern does nt be in isolation and non they should concentrate on doing money merely, but they need to believe of their concern determinations and their production method on the stakeholders. Stakeholders can be anyone in the market who is related to administration and will be affected by the administrations schemes or the determinations. Therefore schemes need to be acceptable to all stakeholders and the investors. This is because employees depend on your concern of the administration. Employees need reasonably paid occupations, and clients, prov iders and the local community are all affected by the administrations determinations and activities and impact of productions of good and providing of services on the environment. . Corporate societal duty ( CSR ) is to understand that administrations have more responsibilities, and how their concern are act uponing the universe by their strategic determination about how to do net income in the market and how to assist their employees to give the good money. Therefore they need to believe how they should be after their schemes which will hold less or nil consequence on their stakeholder and their environment and positive impact of their activities on the economic system. I do non hold with the statement This type of activity is frequently regarded as nil more than expensive PR and that it adds no existent value to society or return on investing for the stockholders due to the undermentioned construct. What is corporate societal duty? Is a company responsible to the Society? What is CSR Explained by CAROL Model Develop CSR Policy Is company responsible to the society? Yes: Because of Enlighten Self Interest NO: Arguments by Freidman Yes: Because of Enlightened Self -Interest A corporation has the same rights and duties as a human being. A corporation perceived as ethically sound are rewarded with more clients Employees are more affiliated to work and more committed to socially responsible companies Positive part to the society may be a long term investing in a safer, better educated and more just community create more stable context in which to make the concern Benefits Increase in clients Addition in employees = Increase in net income Addition in Shareholders Wealth Decrease in negative promotion Dangers Un ethical behaviors likely to open up in future and company may hold job in run intoing their liabilities for incorrect behaviors Companies may non be able to acquire loan due to un-ethical behaviors NO: Arguments by Freidman Freidman says that a company has no duty outside of doing net income because of the followers: Merely human being have moral duties e.g. companies do non hold feelings Government is responsible for the societal issues It is directors responsibility to move entirely in the involvement of the Stockholders CSR make manager generous for person else money What is CSR Explained by CAROL Model Corporate societal duty is to give stakeholder more their outlook. Carol Model is the best account of CSR theory. Philanthropic Desired by the Society Economic Legal Ethical Expected by the Society Required by the society Economic: Stockholders need / desired a sensible net income and return on their investing Employees want reasonably paid occupation with occupation security so that they can back up their demands and households Customers want and demand choice merchandise at a just monetary value ( Value for money ) Legal: The last is a baseline for operating within the society It is an acceptable regulation books for companies operation Ethical: To travel beyond the jurisprudence To make what is right, merely and just e.g. paying more than minimal rewards, brant spare disposal etc Philanthropic: Discretionary behaviors to better the lives of others Charitable contributions Sponsorships Bettering communities CSR means administration needs to take sensible actions, traveling beyond the minimal legal demands and follow those rules and schemes that are good for the administration in long tally and benefit to the society. Developing CSR policies: Classify Stake holders Importance of each stakeholders group ( utilizing Mandelow matrix ) Needs of Stakeholders Actions Re-actions Defense mechanism Adjustment Pro-action There are many benefits of going socially responsible for concerns which have been explained below: Corporate societal duty and administrations Corporate societal duty ( CSR ) can hold impact and influence what a concern bash and hold influence on everything they deal with. An administration needs to see the followers: The choice of provider and dealing and dialogues with providers. This can be best explain by the test of those provider who are non taking attention of the environment such as bring forthing goods and services in the manner which has impact on the environment e.g. non utilizing an up-to-date engineering which can bring forth goods and services with less pollution in the environment, a provider who is working labors by non supplying appropriate wellness and safety at work topographic point, non paying their worker appropriate rewards etc. Covering and supplying appropriate installations to employees. This is run intoing, necessary demands and demand of employees such as paying more than minimal pay rate, better occupation security and occupation safety which is the chief duty of the socially responsible administration. The concern schemes and their action affect the local communities and what actions an administrations must make if there is an impact on the local communities. The concluding 1 is what will be affect of the administration s determination and schemes will impact on the environments and how it can utilize its resources more expeditiously and waste, pollution that harm to environment and this is no in the best involvement of the administrations long term viability. CSR is non merely being societal and companies do non do net income. CSR aid administration to better their public presentations. This is a long term planning to the society which gives a suited context in which an administration can cut down their cost such as otiose energy and or cut downing H2O waste etc by following new Torahs and limitations. A societal responsible company will be conveying more clients more employees and this will better public presentation in short tally and in long tally every bit good. This can besides cut down dysfunctional behavior of single directors in a divisionalised administration by doing determination which is in the best involvement of the organisation as whole and is better for community and society within which administration operation. Corporate societal duty ( CSR ) is non merely about making the right thing. It means acting responsibly, and besides covering with providers who do the same. It besides offers direct concern benefits. Constructing a repute as a responsible concern sets you apart. Companies frequently favour providers who demonstrate responsible policies, as this can hold a positive impact on how they are perceived by clients. Some clients do nt merely prefer to cover with responsible companies, but insist on it. The Co-operative Group, for case, topographic point a strong accent on its corporate societal duty and publishes detailed warts and all studies on its public presentation on a broad scope of criteriaA from animate being public assistance to salt degrees in its pizzas. Focus on societal responsibilityA Schemes Taking a responsible attack to concern has been a steering rule of The Co-operative since its origin. Today co-operative Valuess and Principles resound strongly with up to day of the month thoughts of corporate duty. When sing these issues, the concern is antiphonal to the positions of its stakeholders, peculiarly members and clients. Cardinal developments: 2009 Launch of a Community Plan following member audience. The Plan sets out three precedences for community investing: inspiring immature people, undertaking planetary poorness and battling clime alteration. Roll-out of The Co-operative Food Ethical Policy to former Somerfield merchandises as they were rebranded during 2009, and extension of Co-operative scopes, including Fair-trade, to former Somerfield shops. Launch of a new Bank Ethical Policy following client audience ; assets and liabilities of former Britannia besides became capable to the Ethical Policy following the amalgamation. Community Investment Background It is estimated that, in recent old ages, British concerns have donated in the part of ?1.4bn yearly to good causes, through hard currency and other types of support. Though this figure was expected to fall in 2009, the bulks of big concerns now recognizes community investing as portion of their overall attack to concern duty and have squads and budgets that support such activity. For some, community investing is characterized by philanthropic giving with the outlook of small in return, whilst others use such programmes to achieve commercial advantage or make a societal licence to run. Indexs Community parts: per centum pre-tax net income Employee clip: yearss contributed Leverage Targets 2009 Review current Co-operative activity back uping immature people, and develop an inspiring immature people scheme this is on path Raise ?2m for The Co-operative Charity of the Year, RNID mark achieved Complete development of a new biennial grant-making scheme for The Co-operative Foundation by the terminal of2009 mark achieved Supply fiscal support, through the Co-operative Membership Community Fund, to a lower limit of 1,000 community groups across the UK, numbering at least ?850,000 during 2009- close to aim Trial a new methodological analysis to measure community investing impacts across a lower limit of three major community coders on path Targets 2010 Launch and implement an inspiring immature people scheme. Identify four charity spouses for The Co-operative Foundation ; one each in Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol and London, which can carry through the purposes and aims of the Truth about Youth plans. Supply fiscal support, through the Community Fund, to a lower limit of 1,000 community groups across the UK, numbering at least ?850,000 during 2010. Assess community investing impacts across a lower limit of three major community programmes. International development and human rights Background When undertaken equitably, and with regard for human rights, trade has an alone capacity to raise people out of poorness and enhance quality of life across the universe. The daily force per unit areas of concern Competition and bulk client buying behaviour, together with the political, cultural and socio-economic background of many states, do nevertheless do advancement on development and the confidence of nice labor criterions really disputing. It is estimated that the support of about three billion people, or half of the universe s population, is made secure by co-operative endeavor, which straight employs an estimated 100 million workers ; more than all the universe s transnational companies. Indexs Fair-trade scope and gross revenues value Improvement actions resolved Supplier capacity edifice Microfinance support Support for abroad co-operatives and development undertakings Targets 2009 Sustain at least 20 % year-on-year gross revenues growing of Fair-trade merchandises in The Co-operative Food in 2009 mark achieved Commence H2O entree, sanitation and renewable energy undertaking with Fair-trade sugar cane manufacturer communities in southern Malawi during 2009 mark achieved Guarantee The Co-operative Food s own-brand tier-one production sites complete a self-assessment on work with providers to come on disciplinary actions originating during 2009 stopping point to aim Widen awareness-raising and preparation Sessionss on echo sourcing for The Co-operative Food providers, with a focal point on North Africa, South Africa, China and the UK during 2009 on path Work with providers of The Co-operative Clothing to come on disciplinary actions during 2009, following the roll-out of Sedex ( Supplier Ethical Data Exchange ) to all abroad tier-one production sites mark achieved Develop a Fair-trade cotton merchandise offering from The Co-operative Clothing during 2009 mark achieved Increase the figure of Travelife-accredited belongingss, used for The Co-operative Travel s own-brand vacations, to 25 by the terminal of 2009 behind agenda Launch two new microfinance strategies via The Co-operative Bank during 2009 behind agenda Establish one manufacturer co-operative for tea smallholder husbandmans in the Kericho country of Kenya, with support from The Co-operative College UK and The Co-operative College Kenya on path Targets 2010 Ensure all Co-operative Food own-brand tier-one production sites identified as high hazard, as at terminal September 2010, have a valid independent audit in 2010. Extend preparation Sessionss and awareness-raising on sound sourcing for The Co-operative Food providers, with a focal point on the UK, China, Italy, Kenya, Thailand and South Africa. Supply labor criterions developing to all relevant Co-operative Clothing merchants in 2010 and guarantee that systems to supervise labour criterions are actively managed throughout 2010. Increase the figure of Travelife-accredited belongingss, used for The Co-operative Travel s own-brand vacations, to 25 by the terminal of 2010. Commence a undertaking with The Travel Foundation to make supply links between agricultural co-operatives and hotels used by The Co-operative Travel in Turkey. Introduce an affinity merchandise in The Co-operative Pharmacy that supports overseas development during 2010. Establish a new microfinance strategy via The Co-operative Bank during 2010. To profit Fair-trade sugar manufacturer communities in Malawi, guarantee bing damaged boreholes are repaired, over 300 new latrines are constructed and over 50,000 trees are planted by terminal 2010. Commence H2O entree, sanitation and renewable energy undertaking with Fair-trade banana co-operative Communities in Panama during 2010. Successfully set up two pilot funeral co-operatives in South Africa. Ethical finance Indexs Ethical finance: The Co-operative Bank Socially responsible investing: The Co-operative Asset Management Targets 2009 Devise and implement a Co-operative Investments stockholder battle programme on the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on bee population diminution mark achieved The Co-operative Investings to establish two new ethically screened investing financess mark achieved See the development of an agreement whereby a tax write-off is made, at CFS cost, from international payments fees, in order to back up support of The Co-operatives international development activities on path See a typical societal and ethical consumer proposition for the general insurance concern buttocks agenda Targets 2010 The Co-operative Asset Management ( TCAM ) to incorporate clime alteration impacts into fund analysis on all nucleus equity investings. TCAM to co-file stockholder declarations at Royal Dutch Shell plc and BP plc sing pitch littorals operations. See a typical societal and ethical consumer proposition for the general insurance concern. Establish a Social Banking Unit to convey together banking services for the environmental, societal and charity sectors. ( Re. : hypertext transfer protocol: //www.co-operative.coop/corporate/Sustainability/social-responsibility/ ) The above practical test demo how co-operative is being successful in accomplishing its mark and keeping its growing and profitableness. Decrease of resources used for the productions and proviso of services and waste minimization do non merely assist environment but besides it reduces cost for the concern. A research shows that an administration can salvage 5 % to 10 % of its gross by understating waste and effectual usage of energy in their concern. Due to a waste bulk of the benefit non merely private administration are happening the manner which will cut down its impact on the environment but besides public sector besides traveling toward salvaging energy, utilizing minimal resorts like C decrease and etc to accomplish value for money in supplying services to communities and occupants in the local communities. Reducing wastes salvaging energy, cut downing disposal cost is non difficult, it may look expensive but it can convey a long term sustainable uninterrupted cost decrease benefit and better profitableness which server the best involvement of long term aim of Shareholders wealth, which is maximization of stockholder s wealth. There are assorted counsel on www.businesslink.gov.uk web site on how save money by cut downing waste and utilize your resources more expeditiously. Save money by cut downing waste Resource productiveness means pull outing the most value from resources, doing the best usage of renewable resources and understating waste produced. It has the possible to drive down costs by cut downing waste and pollution and will make chances for growing through procedure and merchandise invention. Business benefits of cut downing your waste Immediate cost nest eggs can be achieved by: reexamining your activities and procedures and doing simple alterations such as printing or photocopying on both sides of the paper planing packaging so that it can be reused recycling any waste you produce until it no longer has any value and so recycling the stuffs The punishments for neglecting to pull off environmental hazards decently can besides be significant. You could see harm to your repute, break to your concern or fiscal punishments ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) Reduce your packaging waste A high proportion of waste is really boxing. Advanced design can intend that the sum used is reduced and that all packaging can be reused or at least recycled. Using the lower limit and most efficient packaging will increase your fight and salvage you money, every bit good as pulling environmentally-aware consumers Other ways of bettering packaging usage are: utilizing recycled stuffs where possible planing the packaging utilizing the least sum of stuffs necessary recycling your ain packaging to make new packaging or in other countries of your concern ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) Cut waste in production procedures Waste originating from your production procedure can hold a important consequence on your profitableness. The challenge is to cut down this waste without destabilization the effectivity of the procedure. Common things you might make to better the efficiency of your production procedure and cut down waste include: recycling rinse H2O in chilling systems on a regular basis look intoing that equipment is right calibrated cut downing unneeded arrests in a production line upgrading or replacing old equipment understating spills or leaks Using sealed systems to let all the waste to be collected in one topographic point, without escape, so that every bit much waste as possible can be reused, recycled or disposed of right. An effectual waste minimization programme scrutinises the whole concern from merchandise design to providers, production patterns to disposal. It will besides enable you to understate the different input resources, including H2O and energy, chemicals and dissolvers, and paper and electrical equipment. ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) Reduce your usage of natural stuffs While recycling waste is an of import portion of any waste direction scheme, it is nt plenty. Waste needs to be designed out of the system at beginning, and what can non be designed out should be reused. Developing better closed loop systems where waste is treated as a resource eliminates the demand for fresh resources and waste disposal. If you re a maker, utilizing natural stuffs more expeditiously can convey important cost nest eggs and environmental benefits. To make this, you should look at all facets of your production procedure, including transit and repositing. ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) Reduce waste in your office The best manner to cut down office waste is non to bring forth it in the first topographic point. Before doing a purchase, inquire yourself if you need to purchase the goods or stuffs, or if you are purchasing extra sums. You could besides: ask providers to utilize less to a great extent packaged merchandises and to take away extra packaging when they deliver reuse or recycle paper, pressman toner and ink cartridges you would usually throw away alter your pressmans scenes to publish in double-sided format and see publishing internal paperss in draft quality cancel debris mail and unwanted publications contact the transmitter straight and inquire them to take you from their mailing list usage electronic communicating where possible to cut down facsimiling and publishing encourage staff non to publish out paperss and electronic mails unless perfectly necessary recycle paper that has merely been printed on one side for bill of exchange or scrap message tablets reuse envelopes if possible, for illustration to direct internal mail donate surplus card or coloured paper to your local school or babys room Ensure that you do non go forth visible radiations, warming and equipment on unnecessarily. This can add important costs to your concern. ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) There are other benefits excessively: A good repute makes it easier to enroll employees. Employees may remain longer, cut downing the costs and break of enlisting and retraining. Employees are better motivated and more productive. CSR helps guarantee you comply with regulative demands. Activities such as engagement with the local community are ideal chances to bring forth positive imperativeness coverage. Good relationships with local system make making concern easier. See the page in this usher on how to work with the local community. Understanding the broad impact of your concern can assist you develop new merchandises and services. CSR can do you more competitory and reduces the hazard of sudden harm to your repute ( and gross revenues ) . Investors recognise this and are more willing to finance you. ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) How concern can impact the environment Administration may impact its stakeholders such as employees, clients, providers and the local community, authorities and other stakeholders who have some kind of involvement in the administration including impact on the environment. If an administration will hold attention for the environment it will increase its public presentation and hence gross as many clients will wish to purchase from responsible companies and many employees want to work for those companies who care about the environment in which they live and operate. This is a positive long term, sustainable betterment. There are all kinds of ways in which you can cut down the environmental impact of your concern. For illustration: making reclaimable goods Using recycled stuffs and sustainable lumber understating packaging purchasing locally to salvage fuel costs making an fuel-efficient and efficient distribution web working with providers and distributers who take stairss to understate their environmental impact usage energy rescuer tubing visible radiations to salvage electricity. How can organisation cover reasonably and moderately with their clients? Administration can better their productiveness by working closely with their clients and cover them in a sensible and just manner so that their aims can be met and administration s aims are besides achieved. As we know that client wants a sensible quality merchandise at a just monetary value. To accomplish this administration demand to cover with their clients in the undermentioned manner: Selling is the chief of import portion of the concern. Organisation need to to do certain that their selling stuffs are in simple English and do non conceal anything in the little print, which is frequently the catching point and binding up clients in a longer contract or in some kind of other understanding. Administrations need to be honorable and take stairss with societal consideration in head. This will accomplish more client grasp and their trueness. How can organisation cover reasonably and moderately with their Supplier Organisation need to be really careful when choice their provider, they need to maintain in head corporate societal duty ( CSR ) and select those provider who are local and this aid to back up community and besides reduces the energy wasted and C emanations from bringings. This besides includes the followers: Examination of their employment policy. Examination of wellness and safety and environmental patterns. Organisation need to handle their providers reasonably, paid them on clip can do a large difference to them. Work with the local community Working with your local community brings a broad scope of benefits. For many concerns, local clients are an of import beginning of gross revenues. By bettering your repute, you may happen it easier to enroll employees. A good relationship with local governments can besides do your life easier. For illustration, some local governments prefer to present contracts to concerns with a record of community engagement. There are many ways to acquire involved. Some concerns choose to back up a local charity, or patronize a local event. It makes commercial sense to acquire involved in an activity related to your merchandise. This lets you utilize your expertness every bit good as demoing the human face of your concern. For illustration, some eating houses provide nutrient to local homeless groups, while builders may give free labor and stuffs to community undertakings. Benefit from corporate societal duty Make the most of your corporate societal duty ( CSR ) actions by advertising them. Ensure that clients, providers and the local community know what you are making. CSR lends itself to good intelligence narratives. Promotion like this can be a cardinal portion of utilizing CSR to win contracts. Peoples want to purchase from concerns they respect. CSR can be peculiarly effectual for aiming ethical companies, the populace sector and not-for-profit administrations. At the same clip, you should see CSR as portion of a go oning procedure of constructing long-run value. Everything you do should assist better your repute and encourage clients and other stakeholders toA stay involved with you. A concern that buys recycled paper but exploits its clients and ignores the community has missed the point. ( Ref. : www.businesslink.gov.uk ) Decision

Microwave Radiation Definition

Microwave Radiation Definition Microwave radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation. The prefix micro- in microwaves doesnt mean microwaves have micrometer wavelengths, but rather that microwaves have very small wavelengths compared with traditional radio waves (1 mm to 100,000 km wavelengths). In the electromagnetic spectrum, microwaves fall between infrared radiation and radio waves. Frequencies Microwave radiation has a frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz (1 GHz to 100 GHz in radio engineering) or a wavelength ranging from 0.1 cm to 100 cm. The range includes the SHF (super high frequency), UHF (ultra high frequency) and EHF (extremely high frequency or millimeter waves) radio bands. While lower frequency radio waves can follow the contours of the Earth and bounce off layers in the atmosphere, microwaves only travel line-of-sight, typically limited to 30-40 miles on the Earths surface. Another important property of microwave radiation is that its absorbed by moisture. A phenomenon called rain fade occurs at the high end of the microwave band. Past 100 GHz, other gases in the atmosphere absorb the energy, making air opaque in the microwave range, although transparent in the visible and infrared region. Band Designations Because microwave radiation encompasses such a broad wavelength/frequency range, it is subdivided into IEEE, NATO, EU or other radar band designations: Band Designation Frequency Wavelength Uses L band 1 to 2 GHz 15 to 30 cm amateur radio, mobile phones, GPS, telemetry S band 2 to 4 GHz 7.5 to 15 cm radio astronomy, weather radar, microwave ovens, Bluetooth, some communication satellites, amateur radio, cell phones C band 4 to 8 GHz 3.75 to 7.5 cm long-distance radio X band 8 to 12 GHz 25 to 37.5 mm satellite communications, terrestrial broadband, space communications, amateur radio, spectroscopy Ku band 12 to 18 GHz 16.7 to 25 mm satellite communications, spectroscopy K band 18 to 26.5 GHz 11.3 to 16.7 mm satellite communications, spectroscopy, automotive radar, astronomy Ka band 26.5 to 40 GHz 5.0 to 11.3 mm satellite communications, spectroscopy Q band 33 to 50 GHz 6.0 to 9.0 mm automotive radar, molecular rotational spectroscopy, terrestrial microwave communication, radio astronomy, satellite communications U band 40 to 60 GHz 5.0 to 7.5 mm V band 50 to 75 GHz 4.0 to 6.0 mm molecular rotational spectroscopy, millimeter wave research W band 75 to 100 GHz 2.7 to 4.0 mm radar targeting and tracking, automotive radar, satellite communication F band 90 to 140 GHz 2.1 to 3.3 mm SHF, radio astronomy, most radars, satellite tv, wireless LAN D band 110 to 170 GHz 1.8 to 2.7 mm EHF, microwave relays, energy weapons, millimeter wave scanners, remote sensing, amateur radio, radio astronomy Uses Microwaves are used primarily for communications, include analog and digital voice, data, and video transmissions. They are also used for radar (RAdio Detection and Ranging) for weather tracking, radar speed guns, and air traffic control. Radio telescopes use large dish antennas to determine distances, map surfaces, and study radio signatures from planets, nebulas, stars, and galaxies. Microwaves are used to transmit thermal energy to heat food and other materials. Sources Cosmic microwave background radiation is a natural source of microwaves. The radiation is studied to help scientists understand the Big Bang. Stars, including the Sun, are natural microwave sources. Under the right conditions, atoms and molecules can emit microwaves. Man-made sources of microwaves include microwave ovens, masers, circuits, communication transmission towers, and radar. Either solid state devices or special vacuum tubes may be used to produce microwaves. Examples of solid-state devices include masers (essentially lasers where the light is in the microwave range), Gunn diodes, field-effect transistors, and IMPATT diodes. The vacuum tube generators use  electromagnetic fields to direct electrons in a density-modulated mode, where groups of electrons pass through the device rather than a stream. These devices include the klystron, gyrotron, and magnetron. Health Effects Microwave radiation is called radiation because it radiates outward and not because its either radioactive or ionizing in nature. Low levels of microwave radiation are not known to produce adverse health effects. However, some studies indicate long-term exposure may act as a carcinogen. Microwave exposure can cause cataracts, as dielectric heating denatures proteins in the eyes lens, turning it milky. While all tissues are susceptible to heating, the eye is particularly vulnerable because it doesnt have blood vessels to modulate temperature. Microwave radiation is associated with the microwave auditory effect, in which microwave exposure produces buzzing sounds and clicks. This is caused by thermal expansion within the inner ear. Microwave burns can occur in deeper tissue- not just on the surface- because microwaves are more readily absorbed by tissue that contains a lot of water. However, lower levels of exposure produce heat without burns. This effect may be used for a variety of purposes. The United States military uses millimeter waves to repel targeted persons with uncomfortable heat. As another example, in 1955, James Lovelock reanimated frozen rats using microwave diathermy.   Reference Andjus, R.K.; Lovelock, J.E. (1955). Reanimation of rats from body temperatures between 0 and 1  °C by microwave diathermy. The Journal of Physiology. 128 (3): 541–546.

The Self and Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Self and Nature - Essay Example As a result, it has led to the destruction of nature which has severe impacts on the persons. A good example is the case of global warming. In the previous years, people had not exploited nature and thus such problems were not in existence. Due to the increased population and the greed of persons, more and more harm on nature has been conducted. Despite this, there are various persons who have great interest in the conservation of nature. This has been facilitated by various communities to their capacity. Thus persons should take community into consideration while undertaking their duties. Currently, Wildlife has been replaced by persons who deforest land and use it for irrigation and thus use chemicals which have negative effects on animals and air. There are various nature resources that have become extinct due to the exploitation. It is evident that recovering destroyed nature back to its original features after destruction is mostly impossible and if possible, takes a lot of time and resources. This is evident in the various efforts employed by the Chinese government in trying to provide water to its large population. Despite it constructing some of the world’s largest dams and canal, it has been of great cost which would not have been incurred if nature was put in front of self-interest. As a result it is very necessary to ensure that it is well conserved because it will be of help not only to the current generation but for generations to come. The community plays a significant role in addressing various issues such as nature and self. This is mainly because many members of a community share common interests and thus could have influence on its members with differing opinions. As a result, they play a significant role in educating people about self and nature (Orr 134). Proper understanding of nature is very essential in ensuring that members of a community make proper judgment in regard to nature. For example, there are various organisms that survi ve in extreme conditions. Any alterations in environment render their existence hard. Due to increased world population, nature has been left at risk from exploitation. As a result, various institutions have devised methods to try and control reproduction rate. In most cases, people are only considerate about short term benefits reaped from an activity contrally to the interests of communities which are mostly long term. This has posed even threat to some of the most valuable natural resources such as water and food. Thus proper understanding of self and nature is necessary for people to know whatever fits them most. Currently most persons from developing countries are self-centered with nature coming as a last consideration in their undertaking. It is evident that such people have been moving to the west and as such could have an impact on them. Most of these natural resources exploited are limited in their supply. As a result, massive extraction could only be beneficial to persons only for a short period of time but have adverse effects in the long run (Ridley 157). Despite the challenges faced by nature, it is not completely exploited. As a result, combined efforts by communities, governments, private sectors and science and technology will be of great help in its conservation. Currently, various non-governmental organizations have been in the forefront of ensuring that no

Character and Setting in Emma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Character and Setting in Emma - Essay Example Jane Austin’s novel concentrates on human relationship revolving around the main character Emma and the importance of Highbury setting to the characterization of the Heroine. Relationship between Emma and Harriet With the witty and charming heroin Emma, Jane Austen’s work was flawless with exploration of human relationship. The major subject of Jane Austen’s Emma revolves around the natural power of human relationship. Austen in this novel compares the healthy and unhealthy relationship between Emma and Harriet. The relationship between Emma and Harriet was an epitome of unhealthy relationship where the teacher Emma exploited, manipulated and neglected her student Harriet. Emma took Harriet under her wings and wanted to teach how to adjust with her choices of acquaintances. Emma was more concerned about her own desires rather being concerned about what would be best for Harriet. Chapter seven of the novel lays special reinforcement to the relationship between Emm a and Harriet Smith. Harriet depend upon the decision and suggestion of Emma whether to marry or reject Robert Martin. Though she had some opinion and decisions of her own but could not go by them since Emma’s opinion was more important. This shows how much important role Emma plays in the life of Harriet. They had friendship but between unequal. When Emma advised her to reject Robert Martin, Harriet was disappointed and said â€Å"You think I ought to refuse him, then† (Austen, 44) but did not have the courage to go against Emma’s decision. This clearly reveals that Harriet was totally dependent on Emma’s decision and trusted her blindly. ... Elton developed theme like reason versus thoughts, social responsibility versus selfishness and arrogance. Settings The Novel of Jane Austin, Emma has its setting in a provincial community, which involved the gentry of the region. She chose a small tiny town named Highbury where everybody knew everything about anyone staying over there. This revealed that everyone was aware of the peculiarities and odd habits of each individual in the town. One was unaware of the local’s geography. The closeness of the town Highbury to its estates â€Å"Hartfield, Donwell Abbey and Randalls† were clearly revealed in the novel as the fact that London was sixteen miles away. However the description of the physical aspects of the town was not given except that of the Donwell, which was given with a purpose to portray Emma’s reaction. The presence of â€Å"Richmond road† can be felt from the description that Harriet met the gypsies on the Richmond Road but no other details wer e found. The presence of an embankment over where the companions scuttles was also derived from the description. Emma and Mr. Woodhouse’s house was the geographical center around which the whole novel revolved. The drawing room or something equivalent was the primary setting of the novel. The scene of Box Hill or even the shrubbery walk where George proposed Emma was simply an open-air drawing room. The novel mainly concentrated on the social involvement and human relations. It did not give any clear description of the vegetation or terrain or any connection that leads to the description of the geography of the place. Instead the novel had an evident presence of the description of drawing and dining rooms, rooms for dancing and scenes of carriage and equipment of

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay Example for Free

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated various environmental campaigns to gradually resolve the increasing impacts of climate change towards the environment (Silverstein et. al. , 2003 p. 5). The public’s increased attention to such problem is not anymore surprising as it threatens every creature with potentially devastating consequences. However, the subjects of animal health have received lesser attention compared to the economic, industrial and social impacts of climatic changes brought by global warming (Sherman, 2002 p. 204). According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), the primary concern of ecologists is the rapid increase of climatic change consistently altering the natural ecology of wildlife in various ecosystems. Based on the annual measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (ACO) concentrations, two major signals depicting dramatic ecological patterns have been observed, namely (1) â€Å"seasonal cycle that reflects the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems in the northern hemisphere†, and (2) â€Å"accelerating increase in tropospheric concentrations of ACO since 1957† (Vitousek, 1994). As supported by various studies (Root, Price and Hall et al. , 2003; Vitousek, 1994; Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008), global warming effects, namely (1) increases in temperature, (2) alteration of food chains, and (3) atmospheric gas imbalances, dramatically affect the conditions of animal kingdom. II. Literature Review a. Global Warming: Ecological Imbalance The basic principle of global warming consists of the accumulation of radiation energy from the sun resulting to the warming of the planet’s surface (Houghton, 2004 p. 14). Based on 688 published studies on global warming, the three major environmental impacts affecting the ecological systems of animals and plants are (1) temperature changes, (2) alterations of animal symbiotic relationships, and (3) imbalances in the atmospheric gases (Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008). Based on the study of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), global temperature has increased to approximately 0. 6 degree C since 1880s, and projected to increase consistently with the coming generations. The continuous alterations of climate may be due to the three following reasons: (1) sunspot cycles, (2) volcanic eruptions producing large quantities of fine ash in the air, and (3) the occurrence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (Gupta, 1998 p. 86). In the literary reviews of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003) using 143 different studies, majority of the studies reveal the endangering situations of approximately 80% of species that are now gradually adjusting to various ecosystems due to the physiological constraints brought by ecologic changes. In fact, according to the study of Thomas, Cameron and Green et al. (2004), animal habitats and survival expectations have been altered by the effects of global warming increasing the projected extinction risks to approximately 20% among the sample ecosystems, namely Queensland, Mexico, South Africa, Amazonia and Europe. b. Increases in Temperature With the advent of modernization, auto engines, power plants, industrial mills, and residential heating systems burn coal, oil, or natural gas accounting to 98% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere, while the other 2% id due to the increased deforestation and mining (Tomera, 2001 p. 113). According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), rapid temperature increases and ecological stresses brought by the alterations of ecosystems are disrupting the natural communities of various species, which lead to forced adaptations of species, numerous extirpations and possible extinctions. As supported by the study of Pounds, Bustamante and Coloma et al. (2006), one example of massive animal extinctions occurred in the mountains of Costa Rica wiping 67% of the various 110 species of Atelopus, such as harlequin frog (Atelopus Sp. ) and golden toad (bufo periglenes) and pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), which are endemic to American tropical habitats. In a study conducted by Penuelas, Fillela and Comast (2002), life cycles in a Mediterranean environment (Cardedeu, NE Spain) has been observed from 1952 to 2000 in order to determine possible alterations in the ecosystems and increasing climate changes. With the temperature increase amounting to ? 1. 4 degree C (1952 to 2000), results reveal significant phonological alterations among the different species of animals (e. g. spring migratory birds arriving 15 days later in 2000 compared 1952, etc. ). Noting the mentioned temperature increase in the latter study, Hanson, Sato and Ruedy (2006) suggest that a relative increase of ? 1 degree C is likely to affect the sea levels and exterminate various species. c. Symbiotic Relationships: Predisposing Species Extinction Temperature, climate, and gas imbalances are the leading global warming effects altering the different levels of ecologic symbiosis. The rise of global temperature affects the geographical distribution of ectothermic animals, decomposers and mostly those with lesser thermal tolerance (Portner, 2001). For example, thermally intolerant metazoans and other decomposers have markedly shown increase mitochondrial oxygen demand parallel to the rise of temperature, which resulted to the reduction of their population (Portner, 2001). Using species-area and endemic-area relationships, Malcolm, Liu and Neilson et al. (2006) have identified the projected percent extinctions of sample biodiversities (Cape Floristic Region, Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Australia, and Tropical Andes, etc.) ranging from 1 to 43% of the endemic biota (averaging to 11. 6%). Various etiologies derived from disrupted ecological symbiosis explain these projections. Most commonly, the imbalance atmospheric gases and high temperature result to the increased growth of plants with insufficient nutrition brought by low organic property of soil (Kirschbaum, 1995). With the low-nutrient composts, decomposers may gradually decrease disrupting the normal ecosystem-level cycling (Vitousek, 1994). In addition to decomposer disruptions, the study of Kirschbaum (1995) has suggested a marked loss of over 10% of organic soil for every 1 degree C increase in temperature due to the dramatic destruction of temperature-sensitive organic decomposers in different regions globally. These data implies that the increasing trend of temperature rise and gaseous imbalances can dramatically contribute to the extinction of different species.

Sport Utility Vehicle Essay -- Vehicles, Cars and Trucks

For as long as there have been roads to drive on, Americans have had a love affair with their cars and trucks. Ever since consumers became interested in car design and styling in the 1920s, the car manufactures have invested in innovation to quench the thirst of the American car buyer (Pauwels, Silva-Risso, Srinivasan, and Hassens, 2004, p. 143). When I was young, September was the time of year when the car manufactures showcased the new models, generating excitement and of course new sales. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new breed of vehicle was introduced, the sport utility vehicle (SUV). This was a marketing term for vehicles similar to the station wagons of the 70s but built on a truck chassis. These vehicles were perceived as rugged and capable of being used off road. Since they were considered trucks, they were less regulated as cars and had poor fuel economy. Nevertheless, these vehicles grew in popularity due to their versatility and low gas prices at the time. However, gas prices in the United States increased in the summer of 2003 before declining in the fall of the year to levels that prevailed in the spring of 2003. Gas prices began another increasing trend in January 2004, which lasted through May of that year before beginning to moderate once again. The average per gallon price reached in May 2004 was 39.1 percent higher than the May 2003 average, and the May 2004 average was 22.5 percent higher than the average price reached in September 2003 (United States Department of Energy, 2011) A reasonable expectation is that increases of this magnitude in gas prices would motivate consumers to purchase more fuel-efficient vehicle for their transportation needs. The trend during the 1990s in the United States had been char... ...data reported year over year sales decreases for full size SUVs. Examples of their reporting includes a decrease of sales for Ford Expedition of 33.6%, Cadillac Escalade down 16.3%, and Chevrolet Tahoe down 11.9% (Healey, & Eldridge, 2004, pp. 10). Today, with gas prices hovering between $3 and $4 per gallon, the customer demand for SUVs has moved from full-sized SUVs to the more fuel midsized and crossover economical models where miles per gallon is significantly higher than models sold in 2003, generally offsetting the increases of gas prices. In general, this hypothesis test along with the supporting data validated that there was a correlation between the price of gas and the sales of full-size SUVs by way of increased manufacture price incentives. This correlation could have been used to direct corporate strategies for future models in the SUV market class. Sport Utility Vehicle Essay -- Vehicles, Cars and Trucks For as long as there have been roads to drive on, Americans have had a love affair with their cars and trucks. Ever since consumers became interested in car design and styling in the 1920s, the car manufactures have invested in innovation to quench the thirst of the American car buyer (Pauwels, Silva-Risso, Srinivasan, and Hassens, 2004, p. 143). When I was young, September was the time of year when the car manufactures showcased the new models, generating excitement and of course new sales. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new breed of vehicle was introduced, the sport utility vehicle (SUV). This was a marketing term for vehicles similar to the station wagons of the 70s but built on a truck chassis. These vehicles were perceived as rugged and capable of being used off road. Since they were considered trucks, they were less regulated as cars and had poor fuel economy. Nevertheless, these vehicles grew in popularity due to their versatility and low gas prices at the time. However, gas prices in the United States increased in the summer of 2003 before declining in the fall of the year to levels that prevailed in the spring of 2003. Gas prices began another increasing trend in January 2004, which lasted through May of that year before beginning to moderate once again. The average per gallon price reached in May 2004 was 39.1 percent higher than the May 2003 average, and the May 2004 average was 22.5 percent higher than the average price reached in September 2003 (United States Department of Energy, 2011) A reasonable expectation is that increases of this magnitude in gas prices would motivate consumers to purchase more fuel-efficient vehicle for their transportation needs. The trend during the 1990s in the United States had been char... ...data reported year over year sales decreases for full size SUVs. Examples of their reporting includes a decrease of sales for Ford Expedition of 33.6%, Cadillac Escalade down 16.3%, and Chevrolet Tahoe down 11.9% (Healey, & Eldridge, 2004, pp. 10). Today, with gas prices hovering between $3 and $4 per gallon, the customer demand for SUVs has moved from full-sized SUVs to the more fuel midsized and crossover economical models where miles per gallon is significantly higher than models sold in 2003, generally offsetting the increases of gas prices. In general, this hypothesis test along with the supporting data validated that there was a correlation between the price of gas and the sales of full-size SUVs by way of increased manufacture price incentives. This correlation could have been used to direct corporate strategies for future models in the SUV market class.

Miss Emily Grierson: Her Strength and Weakness as Portrayed in “A Rose for Emily”

In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Miss Emily Grierson has been perceived by her townsfolk as an icon and a monument, and that her family â€Å"held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau [†¦]† (Faulkner ). But deep down, Miss Emily was a broken woman, shielding herself from the changes of the world by repressing the changes and instead living in a make-believe world where she still was regarded as a woman of dignity. One of the symbolisms used by Faulker to exemplify Miss Emily's resistance to change is Miss Emily’s house which â€Å"[†¦] had once been [in] our most select street [†¦] Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps† (Faulkner ). This exemplifies Miss Emily's personality who has strived to prevent the changes brought about by time within the town that she lived in (Holland 295-96). Emily's resistance to change is also depicted in her actions after the demise of her father where she refused to have him buried and â€Å"told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body† (Faulkner ; Holland 297) as well as when she was visited by the present mayor of the town in order to remind her about the taxes Miss Emily needs to pay, she sternly told them that according to â€Å"Colonel Sartoris [†¦] I have no taxes in Jefferson† (Faulkner ) and suggested that they should speak with him regarding the matter. This left the mayor and his companions baffled since not only was there no record in their books about such agreement, but also the fact that Colonel Sartoris has been deceased for around ten years. When the townsfolk began to see Miss Emily with Homer Barron, this shocked the town since â€Å"a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer† (Faulkner ). They had attributed this to the fact that since in the past, â€Å"[†¦] her father had driven away [†¦]† (Faulkner ) all the young men who had tried to court Miss Emily during her younger years. However, â€Å"because Homer himself had remarked-he liked men and [†¦] that he was not a marrying man† (Faulkner ), Miss Emily took matters into her own hands in order to prevent the change in their relationship from occurring. Miss Emily’s behavior was attributed by the townsfolk as something that run in the family and a result of their proud nature by referring to â€Å"how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last [†¦]even with insanity in the family she wouldn’t have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized† (Faulkner ). Taking a closer look at the story, Faulkner had given the reader some clues that drove Miss Emily into behaving in a manner that the townsfolk regarded as bizarre. Sigmund Freud had developed the concept of repression on the idea of self-deceit and forgetting things at will at the same time forgetting that such an act has even occurred (Billig 13). One reason for repression to occur is due to the feelings of distress felt by an individual. Distress may be attributed from undesirable changes from one situation to another. This includes changes in time family, economic security that emotional well-being of an individual (Mirowsky and Ross 112). Parents also contribute to the repression as seen in Freud's Oedipus complex where the child acquires habits from their parents. Since what the adult says is more important than what the child says and the parents would impose things on the child, the tendency of the child is to repress his or her desires (Billig 105). All of these are clearly seen in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Miss Emily’s repression was rooted on the upbringing she had received from her father. Her father indirectly imposed that he would be the only important person in the life of Miss Emily and repressed her longing to have relationships with other people in her town, specifically with the men. Miss Emily eventually carried this upbringing all throughout her life as â€Å"if that quality of her father which had thwarted her woman’s life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to die† (Faulkner ).

Learning Styles Essay

* Did your personality spectrum profile surprise you? Why or why not? I was and was not surprised on what the results of my personality spectrum were, I have always been aware that I’m an organizer. What surprise me is that organizer is my strongest personality; I would have thought that adventurer would have been my strongest. But after reading the description of the organizer is, it all makes sense and I see why it is my strongest personality. Although adventurer is my second strongest personality, I get a relief to know that adventurer was not too away from being my strongest personality. * How can you alter your study techniques to take advantage of your particular abilities and skills as determined by the personality spectrum? Now that I know what my strongest personality is, I plan on keeping it that way and staying organized. I believe that staying organized would help me through my journey in school and in my future career, especially in the career field I chose to be in, organization is very important. Also by staying organized I will be avoiding all the stress and headaches that I will probably encounter in school and in my future career. By keeping to the results of my personality spectrum, I believe I will be taking full advantage of my abilities. * How can knowing your skills and abilities indicate on the personality spectrum help you adapt your study habits? Knowing that my skills and abilities indicate that I’m an organizer, I will be able to use that skill and better prepare myself to adapt to my study habits. By staying organized and preparing in advance, I will be able to manage my school schedule and personal schedule more efficiently and in terms I will be avoiding all unwanted stress. * How would you approach collaborative work in the future given what you now understand about your skill and abilities from the personality spectrum? The way I would approach collaborative work in the future will be, by advising our group to implement a work schedule. By having implemented a work schedule I believe that it will allow us to stay organized. By being prepared and effectively using my organizational abilities and skills will allow us to accomplish our intended goal of getting our work completed on time.

the sandbox essays

the sandbox essays In reading Edward Albee's "The Sandbox" directly out of the text, it seemed to be a trite and dull play. I was left with feeling after I read the play in the book, that if anything this boring could get published so could I some time in the future. Yet, to see it performed live by my fellow classmates, it revealed much of the dynamics of that family. In being able to see it performed among my classmates; my actual opinion of the play did modify. I was able to be more open and understanding to the message and the actual motivation of the play. My original opinion of this play was that if was of a family that was too busy to care about the needs of the elderly grandmother. It had managed to rap itself so tightly in the daily bind not to care about any actual member of the family that could be sick or aging. A family that had established itself to a point that having to contend with the grandmother throws the entire situation off. In seeing the play performed live I grew to understand that my original assumption was precise yet, there was more going on than I read. It is a family that is dealing with having to cope with an elderly parent. The roles of parenting have changed the child has now become the parent. It about a family has to cope and re-adjust their lives to manage the new person. Also a problem with dealing with the elderly is dealing with the fact that they are closer to death. The realities that the "Mom" would be losing her own mother soon, which leaves some harsh feelings. Death is an actual theme that I could tell throughout the play. The play confronts being alive and how to behave with the awareness of death. It calls the reader and the people who will view the play live, not to live in fear of death that it is such a natural next step of life. It is has some streaks of optimism, because the play makes the assumption that it is possible to commu ...

Glyptodon Facts and Figures

Glyptodon Facts and Figures Name: Glyptodon (Greek for carved tooth); also known as the Giant Armadillo; pronounced GLIP-toe-don Habitat: Swamps of South America Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and one-ton Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Huge, armored dome on the back; squat legs; short head and neck About Glyptodon One of the most distinctive- and comical-looking- megafauna mammals of prehistoric times, Glyptodon was essentially a dinosaur-sized armadillo, with a huge, round, armored carapace, stubby, turtle-like legs, and a blunt head on a short neck. As many commentators have pointed out, this Pleistocene mammal looked a bit like a Volkswagen Beetle, and tucked up under its shell it would have been virtually immune to predation (unless an enterprising meat-eater figured out a way to flip Glyptodon onto its back and dig into its soft belly). The only thing Glyptodon lacked was a clubbed or spiked tail, a feature evolved by its close relative Doedicurus (not to mention the dinosaurs that most resembled it, and which lived tens of millions of years earlier, Ankylosaurus and Stegosaurus). Discovered in the early 19th century, the type fossil of Glyptodon was initially mistaken for a specimen of Megatherium, aka the Giant Sloth, until one enterprising naturalist (braving howls of laughter, no doubt) thought to compare the bones with those of a modern armadillo. Once that simple, if bizarre, kinship was established, Glyptodon went by a bewildering variety of vaguely comical names - including Hoplophorus, Pachypus, Schistopleuron, and Chlamydotherium - until the English authority Richard Owen finally bestowed the name that stuck, Greek for carved tooth. The South American Glyptodon survived well into early historical times, only going extinct about 10,000 years ago, shortly after the last Ice Age, along with most its fellow megafauna mammals from around the world (such as Diprotodon, the Giant Wombat, from Australia, and Castoroides, the Giant Beaver, from North America). This huge, slow-moving armadillo was probably hunted to extinction by early humans, who would have prized it not only for its meat but also for its roomy carapace - theres evidence that the earliest settlers of South America sheltered from the snow and rain under Glyptodon shells!

The American National Security Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The American National Security Issue - Essay Example The previous weeks, the refinement of ‘no military solution to Islamist problem’ mantra, came from the admiral, who is also the public spokesman of the Pentagon. In his press conference with the journalist, something akin to America is fighting an ideology that military power had no ability to defeat came out (Byman, 2014). No questions concerning the ideology materialized on the spoken date with the journalists. From the above events, it is easier to conclude that neither the journalist nor the admiral has ever came across the notion called National Socialism. The National Socialism, utterly overcome by the military ability of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union. In addition to the above, the American Civil War by Grant Sheridan and Sherman used unrelenting military force to guarantee individual rights and freedom. In my view, the Islamic State is one of the many United States military ally. The view of the politicians that the military is not worth a tinker in fighting the mujahideen rebels is a cover up of the truth. One of the underlying factors to these sentiments, is on the fact that the larger organization of the IS holds large arrays of material assets that are more likely to get permanently destroyed if aerial attacks occur (Byman, 2014).